François Ier , born with Florence the February 12th 1768 and died in Vienna the March 2nd 1835), sovereign archduke of Austria (1792 - 1804) then emperor of Austria (1804 - 1835), king de Hongrie (1792 - 1835), king de Bohême (1792 - 1835) and king of Lombardy-Venezia (1815 - 1835), was also the last king of the Romans (1792 - 1806) under the name of François II .
Wire of Léopold II and Marie-Louise de Bourbon, infante of Spain, girl of Charles III of Spain and Marie-Amélie of Saxony.
Biography
He succeeds in 1792 his father Léopold II, as Germanic emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary. He is crowned king of Hungary to Buda the June 6th 1792, elected emperor of the Romans the June 7th 1792, then crowned with Francfort-sur-le-Main the July 14th 1792, and crowned king of Bohemia the August 5th 1792.Nephew of Marie-Antoinette, it is committed as of the beginning of his reign in the war against the France: he is beaten everywhere and sees himself constrained to sign in 1797 the Traité of Campo-Formio, which removes the Netherlands and the Lombardy to him.
Having begun again shortly after the weapons, it is not happier, is beaten with Marengo and loses by the Traité of Lunéville (1801) all its possessions on left bank of the the Rhine. It becomes the August 11th 1804 emperor of Austria.
In a third campaign, in 1805, it is beaten with Hohenlinden, Ulm, Austerlitz, and signs the peace of Presbourg, which decreases its possessions further.
During the establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine the July 12th 1806, it must give up Germanic under emperor and takes, while being limited in its hereditary States, the title of emperor of Austria, under the name of François Ist.
It tries fourth once the fate of the weapons in 1809, is still beaten with Eckmühl and is seen constrained to ask peace (Paix of Schönbrunn): to cement it, it Marie her daughter Marie Louise of Austria to the emperor Napoleon i.
Nevertheless, it enters in 1813 the coalition against his son-in-law and contributed to the détrôner. The events of 1814 gave it in possession of most of its States.
It founds in 1815 the technical Université of Vienna.
He dies in 1835.
Marriages and descent
François Ier Maria 4 times and her the first 2 wives gave him his/her 13 children:- 1788 : 1st marriage with Elisabeth of Wurtemberg (1767-1790), girl of Frederic Eugene duke of Wurtembert and Frédérica Dorothée de Brandebourg
- Louise of Austria (1790-1791)
- 1790: 2nd marriage with Marie-Therese of Bourbon-Sicily and Naples (1772-1807) girl of Ferdinand III of Naples become Ferdinand Ier of Deux-Siciles and of Marie Caroline of Austria
- Marie-Louise-Léopoldine Francesca Josepha Lucie of Austria known as Luisel (1791-1847), wife Napoleon i in 1810, mother of Napoleon II known as the Eaglet (1811-1832)
- Ferdinand Ier of Austria (1793-1875) known as Débonnaire, marries in 1831 Marie-Anne of Savoy, girl of Victor-Emmanuel Ier of Sardinia and Marie Therese
- Caroline of Austria (1794-1795)
- Caroline of Austria (1795-1799)
- Marie Léopoldine of Austria (1797-1826), wife in 1817 Pierre Ier of Brazil, wire Jean VI of Portugal and Charlotte Joaquina de Bourbon, princess of Spain. From this marriage was born Marie II from Portugal.
- Marie-Clementine of Austria (1798-1881), wife in 1816 Léopold of Deux-Siciles wire of Ferdinand Ier of Deux-Siciles
- Joseph of Austria (1799-1807)
- Caroline of Austria (1801-1832), wife in 1819 Frederic-Auguste II of Saxony, wire Maximilien of Saxony and Caroline
- François-Charles of Austria (1802-1878), wife in 1824 Sophie of Bavaria (1805-1872), gives up the succession of Austria in favor of his/her son the future François-Joseph Ier of Austria
- Marie-Anne of Austria (1804-1858), abbess with the convent of the noble Ladies to the Château of Prague
- Jean of Austria (1805-1809)
- Amélie of Austria (1807-1807)
- 1808: 3rd marriage with Marie-Louise of Habsbourg-Lorraine-Este House of Este (1787-1816) still known as Maria Ludovika, girl of the Archduke Ferdinand de Habsbourg Duke of Modena and of the Archduchess Marie Beatrice d' Este: she was the first “large-mantle” of Napoleon II
- 1816: 4th marriage with Caroline-Auguste Wittelsbach of Bavaria (1792-1873), girl of Maximilien Joseph Wittelsbach Ier of Bavaria and Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt: it was the second “large-mantle” of Napoleon II
Internal bonds
castle of Hofburg
Partial source
Simple: Francis I off Austria
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