François Hotman

François Hotman , born with Paris the August 23rd 1524 and died in Basle the February 12th 1590, is a French lawyer and writer.

Origin and course

Born from a Catholic father practitioner, adviser with the Parliament of Paris, Hotman converts with Protestantism into 1547 and is implied later in the Conjuration of Amboise (March 1560). Taken refuge in Swiss, it was very active in the plots anti-catholics of the time. His/her brother is Antoine Hotman.

He intervenes as professor of Roman law in many universities and its role opens to him the doors of the courses of Prussia, Hesse and Elisabeth of England. It goes to Frankfurt with Calvin and is seen entrusting by the German huguenots chiefs confidential missions while being made accredit by Catherine de Médicis. He is professor of Philologie to Lausanne, then law professor with Strasbourg in 1556. He joined in 1561 the court of the King de Navarre, future Henri IV. He is named law professor with Valence by the bishop Montluc, then with Bourges in 1567.

Become to advise of State of Henri IV, it is in charge of recruitment in Switzerland of troops pro Huguenot are. It passes most of its life in exile in Suisse. After the night of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, he flees with Geneva and dies in Basle in 1590.

Francogallia

Its most important work, is Franco-Gallia ( Gaulle Francaise ), composed in reaction to the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and published in Latin in 1573, then in French in 1574. In advance over its time, it does not find any favor near the Catholique S or of the Huguenot S of its time. Its theory was compared with that of the social Contract of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It presents an ideal of Protestant political skill and proposes to it a representative government and an elective monarchy. He affirms that the crown of France is not Héréditaire, but elective, and that people have the right to deposit and to create kings.

Political impact

It is a book element of the foundation of the theory in the process of development of Representative democracy. It is about the first “political program” of the huguenots in the possibility of an accession to the capacity. The work is very famous at its time. The theories of Hotman influenced political directors such as Fidel Castro, which in 1953 justified the legitimacy of its movement in its speech “the history will exonerate me” by quoting Hotman: “Between a government and its subjects, there are a bond, or contract, and people can raise themselves against the tyranny of a government when this one violates this pact. ”

As of its first publication, Francogallia gave place to a political polemic and involved several answers and refutations, in particular Frank AD. Hotomani… Responsio (1575), allotted sometimes to Jean Papire Masson, sometimes with Antoine Matharel, and Countered Othomani Francogalliam Libellus Pierre Turrel (1576).

the Tiger (1560)

One allots to him the drafting of the violent one lampoon, the Epître with the Tiger of France , directed against the cardinal Charles of Lorraine and the Guise shown of false piety and license. The conclusion of the text is a call to the banishment: the tiger must turn over to its " tanière".

Editions

Francisci Hotomani Commentariorum in Orationes MR. T Ciceronis Volumen Primum (1554). Latin text and comments in Greek of Hotman on the speeches of Cicéron.
Francogallia (1573). 2nd edition: Libellus Statum verteris Rei publica Gallicae, tum deinde has Francis occupatam describens (1574). French translation: Gaulle Frenchwoman , Beech, Paris, 1991.
the Anti-Tribonian (1603). Hotman tackles the rallying of his/her colleagues to the theory of the Roman law. French translation: Antitribonian, or, Speech of large and famous a iurisconsulte of nostre time on the estude of the loix , Presses University of Saint-Etienne, 1998.
Observationes of swears connubiorum: hoc is, of sponsalibus and matrimoniis rite contrahendis ac dissolvendis, seu Repudijs & Divortijs tam veterum nostri Romanorum quam hominum seculi (1618).
the Tiger of 1560 , reproduces for the first time in facsimile according to the single known specimen , published by CH. Read, Paris, Academy of the bibliophiles, 1875 (Slatkine reprint, 1970).

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