See also: Kellermann

François Etienne Christophe Kellermann , usually indicated under the name of François Christophe Kellermann or the marshal Kellermann , born the May 28th 1735 with Strasbourg, died the September 13rd 1820 with Paris, was a soldier French, which was high with the dignity of Maréchal of Empire. It was also Duc of Valmy.

He is the father of François Etienne Kellermann, general French.

Military career

He entered like Cadet at fifteen years the Régiment by Loweridath, was sign at eighteen years, in Royal-Bavaria, and was named captain during the Guerre Seven Year old. Major of the Hussards de Conflans in 1779; sergeant of the armies of the king in 1784; Mestre of camp of hussards, colonel-general in the same year, and finally the March 9th 1788 named with the rank of Brigadier. At the beginning of the French revolution, Kellermann was sent in Alsace as general-in-chief of the Armée with the Moselle (August 1792). It operated in the first days of the month following its junction with the general Dumouriez, ordering Armée with North, and is one of the winners of Valmy (September 20th 1792). It covered glory at the days of the September 20th and 21st, so known under the name of Canonnade of Valmy.

See also: Battle of Valmy

Kellermann was then employed under Custine which succeeds in making it recall of its command (May 18th 1793). It was named soon with that of the armed with the Alps and Italy; but Napoleon Bonaparte replaced it in this last command.

Envoy to repress the revolt of the Lyoneses against the Convention, it runs up against the representatives on mission which claim to teach him its trade. Imprisoned thirteen months during the Terror, he escapes from little from the scaffold.

After the fall of Robespierre, he is discharged and takes again the head of his armies in January 1795. In September 1795, the army of Italy receives a distinct command and the Kellermann general preserves nothing any more but the Armée with the Alps, reduced to a secondary role. He leaves it in spring 1797 after the great victories gained by the army of Italy under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte.

In 1799 he was general inspector of cavalry. It was called, after the 18 brumaire An VIII (November 9th 1799), to belong to the senate whose presidency to him was decreed the August 2nd 1801.

In the following years it obtained successively the cord of large officer, the dignity of marshal in 1804, the senatorery of Colmar, the title of duke of Valmy in 1808, and being with Paris on April 1st 1814, it voted with the senate the forfeiture of Napoleon, the creation of a provisional government and was included/understood in the first organization of the Chambre of the Pars.

During the Hundred Days Kellermann did not accept any employment, and since the Second Restoration it sat among the defenders of public freedoms to the Room of the Pars where his/her son replaced it. He died the September 23rd 1820, 86 years old. Because of its advanced age it had not ordered any more, of 1804 with 1813, that reserve armies or bodies of observation; but the French had delivered or supported forty-three battles or combat under its command.

Homages

With its death and according to its wills, its heart is buried in the middle of the battle field of Valmy. Its ashes rest with the Cimetière of the Father-Lachaise to Paris and its name is engraved on the Triumphal arch of the Star.

A statue is high in its homage on the Place Broglie of Strasbourg.

Glances of the contemporaries

In his Memorial of Grey waxbill (1815-1821), dictating Napoleon with Las Boxes entrusted: “Kellermann was honest soldier, extremely active, had many good qualities; but it was completely private means necessary for the direction as a chief of an army. It made, in the control of this war, only of the faults” .

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