François-Vincent Raspail

See also: Raspail

Character marking of the 19th century, François-Vincent Raspail , chemist, doctor and politician is born with Carpentras Vaucluse, the January 29th 1794. He will die with Arcueil (the Seine), the January 7th 1878). He was candidate with the French presidential election of 1848.

He broke with the Church and came to Paris. Professor with the Stanislas colleges and Holy-Bores, it was driven out teaching because of his political opinions. Its research embracing several disciplines led it to discovered Microbe S (which was recognized only forty years later!) and exposed it to persecutions of official science.

His/her father, landlord, very practitioner, intend it to enter the orders, the fact of entering, very young person, with the seminar of Avignon. Returned for indiscipline, it is allowed with the college of the city where he becomes regent.

During the Hundred Days, Raspail will compose an ode remained there famous, with the glory of the Eagle. It will be revoked shortly after the fall of the Emperor.

What imports; Raspail, which must start legal studies, “  go up to Paris   ” in 1816. There, it will be expelled of the college Stanislas to have written republican lampoons.

Become supervisor ( repeater ) to finance his studies, it moves away little by little from the family convictions, and adheres to the Libre-pensée.

In 1821, its work: Missionaries in opposition with the moralities , true scathing attack, made scandal.

The following year, disgusted right, it is registered in medical college. There, it will validate two personal options:

  • the drafting of several articles, noticed, on animal and vegetable fabrics.
  • its adhesion with the Charbonnerie. Secret society, intriguing against the mode in place and organized on the Italian model “of the sales” (a “sale” being a cell of some entreated). He will be imprisoned besides on several occasions, like carbonaro , under the Monarchie of July.

Of 1830 at 1847

In 1830, Raspail, burning republican, joint with the Parisian people risen at the time of the days of revolutionary insurrection, the Glorious Three, which it 29, 30 and July 31st will return Charles X in exile. Seriously wounded on a barricade, it will be decorated with the Croix of July. Hardly given, the insurrectionist will found a newspaper of republican opposition, the Reformer , and will chair the Société of the Friends of the People . It will be dissolved in 1832 by the new capacity which will condemn it to fifteen months of prison and 500 francs of fine for “  offend with the roi  ”.

In 1832, Raspail settles as doctor and reaches notoriety thanks to two work:

  • microscopic Test of chemistry , in 1830 follow-up by the
  • New System of organic chemistry, in 1833.

Concerned about social questions, the scientist is interested logically in the life in the Prison S (“  its second domicile  ”) and with work in the Manufacture S (“where too many people die before the age”).

Under the Monarchy of July, between two stays in prison (which slow down its medical and social work enormously), Raspail tries to cultivate these two faces of its personality. With Holy-Pelagie where the political prisoners are now gathered, it takes the head of the “republican Association of defense of freedom of the press”.

In 1840, recognized expert, his deposition with the lawsuit of Marie Capelle, shown to have poisoned her husband with the Arsenic makes great noise (Affaire Lafarge). It will have to however wait until 1843 to see publishing its Natural history of health and the disease , followed by a Manuel directory of health in 1845 . These two popularizing works ensure him of comfortable incomes. It will give to it the receipt of a famous élixir  ; in these volumes, Raspail also specifies its parasitic theory (often evoking " Helminth s" like persons in charge of the diseases), which anticipates in a noticed way the microbial doctrines . However its practice of the medical art wants to be militante : doctor of the poor, it will be one of the first propagators of the Hygiène and the Antisepsie in the popular classes. He recommends the systematic use of the Camphre under different forms. All that is worth the hostility of official circles to him and a judgment, in 1846, by Faculty (one moreover…).

1848 and after 48

  • February 22nd, 1848: it is one of the first to proclaim the Republic.

  • February 25th, 1848: Third day of insurrection. Formation of the provisional government, birth of the 2nd Frenchwoman (it will finish in 1852).
  • Account and analyzes Karl Marx, in “the class struggles in France” : “  February 25th (1848), about midday, the Republic was not proclaimed yet, but, on the other hand, all the ministries were already distributed between the middle-class elements of the Provisional government and the generals, bankers and lawyers of the “National”. But, this time, the workmen were determined not to more tolerate one retraction similar to that of July 1830. They were ready to start the combat again and to impose the Republic by the force of the weapons. It is with this mission that Raspail went to the Town hall. In the name of the Parisian proletariat, it ordered at the Provisional government to proclaim the Republic, informant that if this order of the people were not carried out in the two hours, it would return to the head of 200  000 men. The corpses of the hardly cooled combatants…, the barricades were not removed, the workmen were not disarmed and the only force which one could oppose to them was the National guard (weak and not very sure). In these circumstances, the political considerations and the legal scruples of the Provisional government disappeared abruptly. The two hours deadline was not yet past that already over all the walls of Paris were spread out in gigantic characters:
French Republic! Freedom, Equality, Fraternity! ”
  • at the end of 1848: Raspail founds a new newspaper, the friend of the People .

After having taken part in the organization of one demonstration of support in Poland, perceived by the government like an coup attempt of force, he is judged with Bourges by the High court of justice in 1849, and is condemned to six years of prison. Released in 1863, it was exiled in Belgium. Returned to France in 1873, he was elected appointed three years later and voted against the declaration of war to the Prussia. He fustigated the repression of Of Versailles and was again condemned to two years of prison. Re-elected appointed in 1877, he asked the Amnistie vainly communards.

Deputy of the Rhone delta of 1869 to 1878. Raspail fustigated the reaction which followed the Commune. Its standpoint will be worth new legal torments to him.

A family: Raspail

Four Raspail left a trace in the revolutionary history:

  • François Raspail, which was an exceptionally gifted pupil, early and was pointed out with the seminar of Avignon by “its rare intelligence and its love of work”. It gains at fifteen years the Grand Prix of philosophy then banished Séminaire; appointed regent of college, he discovers the encyclopedist S. “I soothsayers a new man, released of the religious obstacles which paralyzed to me” will say it. Married but stripped, refusing the helps of his/her friends, occupying a modest residence with Montrouge, nourishing themselves, him and its family, that “vegetables and of water”, but wrote its vegetable Physiologie .

  • Benjamin Raspail (1823 - 1899) and his brother Camille François Raspail (1827 - 1893), appointed Republican left. The first, which was amputee of a leg, bequeathed to its death its property to found there an old people's home for industrially disabled persons. Marie Laubot sees there “the worthy end of a true republican” (in Our large republicans , ED. Gedalge, About 1907, Paris).

  • Xavier Raspail, junior by the family, doctor who illustrated themselves during the head office of Paris; its republican faith seems less obvious than that of his/her father, François Raspail.

We thus have as follows:

Element (S) in relation

  1. Burial with the Cemetery of the Father-Lachaise, anonymous Author (about 1878)

  2. Burial of his wife, Henriette-Adelaide Raspail, born Trousseau (1799-1853) also with the Father-Lachaise; one sees there Mrs. Raspail, glaze of his shroud, tightening the arm to say good-bye to her husband through the ventilator of the prison, rules out of black marble of Antoine Etex (1808-1888). It is reproduced on the small pocket of the album Within the Realm off has Dying Sun , of the group Dead Can Dance (1987).
  3. In Paris, the Boulevard Raspail, connecting the Saint-Germain boulevard to the Denfert-Rocheteau place while crossing 7th, 6th and 14th districts, was baptized with its name in 1887.

Notes and anecdotes

  • Its currency: “Not to never embrace the cause of a man, but always that of humanity. ” François Vincent Raspail.

  • Raspail ( chemist and republican militant) had published in 1845, its first almanac: “Manual of Health for popular environments”, it gave to it the receipt of a hygienic Liquor of Dessert: the liquor of Raspail. The Raspail elixir, taken again with Saumur by the Combier family will ensure the fortune of the latter.
Here is the receipt: Ingredients: for 1 person: 4 Cognac fingers (or Armagnac) + 2 fingers of creaming of the Loire. To pour directly in a flute, Cognac then creaming it. To agitate gently with a small spoon. To enjoy very slowly.

  • One of its works more clashing: Vocabulaire Argot /fran çais by François-Vincent Raspail, Paris, 1835.

Présentation: small lexicon French slang of the XIXe century given by F.V. Raspail and Kersauze, republicans of the beginnings of the Republic; they tasted much with the prisons. And it is well the first time, since Rabelais and Villon that the underworld slang, succeeds in penetrating in all impunity in the middle-class living rooms.

  • in the Reformer, daily newspaper of the interests material and moral, industrial, political, literary and scientific, published by Misters Raspail and Kersause , year 1835. Nos 306,308,326,329,332,333,336,337,341,346,353,356 between on August 11th and the 31 sep. 1835. The n° 346 contains, after the letter on first page, a long vocabulary French slang/, which holds half of the newspaper (reference quoted by Yves-Plessis, in penitentiary Réforme. Letters on the prisons of Paris (by F.V. Raspail) .

Vocabulary slang - French:

TO FREE; to know a thing, a trick.
FREED; that which is with the current, with the perfume.
AFFURER; to gain.
SLANG or ARGUCHE or GRAVEL BANK or SHAPE; patois whose between them the robbers or the prostitutes are useful themselves.
FEET; fingers.
BARBILLON; mac, macro, proxo, procurer, man living of the prostitutes.
BARON; accomplice of the smooth talker who does denied it to attract the customer.
BLAYE; handkerchief.
BLOT; manner, (of same Blot: of the same manner).
BUG; ordinary watch.
BONJOURIER; robber who is introduced into the opened residences, where, if it meets somebody, excuses itself while greeting (hello) and by pretexting that it was mistaken.
BONNIR; to say, ensure.
BRÊMES; charts.
BROQUILLE; minute.
CAM, CAMELOTTE; stolen goods.
CARAMBOUILLE; sale of goods which are not with oneself.
CAROUBLEUR; robber using the carouble, which makes jump the doors and the windows, or opens them using skeleton keys.
CROSS-SECTION or CUSHY JOB; seal.
CELLAR, UNDERMINED or PANTRE; man simpleton.
SINGER; man who while pretending to lend itself to the tastes sodomites ends up making them contribute according to their fortune, by threatening them to denounce them, or even by denouncing them with a false police chief.
CARTER; man who misleads the passers by (pantres) and brings them in a trap, by pretending a conversation with a comrade which makes denied it, the foreigner and names the AMERICAN.
HUNTINGS; eyes.
COLTINER; to carry.
CRAMPER; to see “Entifler, To pass by again”.
DAB; father.
ABDUCTOR; the robber who steals the objects to the display, with the front of a shop.
CASINGS; hair.
ENGANTER a bug; to steal a watch.
ENTIFLER; to have trade with a woman. (Cramper or To pass by again.)
TO BLOCK; to include/understand.
ESBROUFFER; to make embarrassments.
INSIPID; leaves, batch in a division.
INSIPID, CLIMBING; pants.
FIALLES; to see: PASSIVE.
FLOUER; to cheat while playing, to deceive somebody.
FOURGUA, FOURGUE, - receiver, merchant who buys the stolen objects with the robbers.
GODILLER; to have an access of priapism. (One also says TO BE ALL IN NODE.).
GONZE, GONZESSE; a guy, a girl.
GRABUGE, FART; danger.
GRINCHE, GRINCHEUR, - robber.
JASPINER; to speak, cause.
SNAP RING, CIGNE; Gold.
SLUG, FILE; line.
LING or SURIN or Twenty-two; knife, blade.
HEAVY; carry.
MACAROON; that which betrays his/her comrades.
BROTHEL-KEEPER; the Mother, procurer, woman living of the prostitutes.
MOUCHARDE; the moon.
MOUNICHE; genitals of the woman.
NAZE, NAZICOT; nose.
PAUMER, BEING IN DRAFF; to lose with the play.
UNDERWORLD, PÉGRILLON, GRINCHE; robber, small robber, large robber of profession.
PICTON; wine.
LEADS; hour.
PEPPER (to crush); to steal a drunk man.
FALSE (to make); to make pretense fight to collect world.
DEEP, VALADES; pockets.
RAMASTIC (it); manner of flying by compérage, while pretending to find something of price, that the passer by will make estimate to spend half with the robber of it.
RENGRACIER; to finish.
ROULOTIER; robber who dévalise cars on the main road.
SAPINER, OUTWARD JOURNEY WITH THE FIR TREE; to go by hackney carriage.
SESZIGUES; it or him.
AUNT; man who has the taste of the women, the woman of the prisons of men,
GUNNER; robber whose speciality is to fly in the pockets.
TRÉPE; populate.
TRIPETTE; nothing, of the medlars.
VANTERNIER; robber with the climbing by the windows.
GUY; a good child.

See too

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