François-Marie Luzel

François-Marie Luzel (June 6th 1826 - February 26th 1895), also known in the Breton form of its name Fañch year Uhel , is a Breton folklorist, and also a poet in Breton language.

Biography

He was born with the manor from Keramborgne, which then formed part of the commune Trégor roise of Plouaret in the section which constitutes now the commune of the Old man-Market (Coast-with Armor). His/her François father and his Rosalie mother Gac were peasants and it is in Keramborgne that Luzel assisted with taken care which were the means of relaxation more running of people of the countryside, especially in winter. One of his/her friends of childhood is the future painter Yan Dargent.

Thanks to his/her uncle Julien-Marie Huërou, which was professor there, it could go to the royal College of Rennes and pass its baccalaureat there. There had as school-fellows the future historian Arthur of Borderie and Emile Grimaud which will be sub-editor of the Revue of Brittany and the Vendée.

He cherished the idea to become doctor of navy and went for that to study with Brest. He forked then towards professorship, but without managing to find a fixed telephone, which brought it to a wandering life. The meeting with Adolphe Orain, folklorist of High-Brittany, its direction of the relations, and especially the support of Ernest Renan, enabled him to obtain several annual missions of the Minister for the State education for the search for old literary texts in Low-Brittany. It succeeds in collecting an enormous corpus of songs, tales, legends and plays and could make the matter of several books of it. The essence of this abundant collection was made in all the Trégor. Marguerite Philippe (into Breton: Marc' harit Fulup ) is most known of the people whom it collected.

However, one of its first publications, him which was going to be famous for the collection of tales, was a collection of personal poems in 1865, Bepred Breizad , into Breton with French translation. It celebrates there the Brittany, its people and his language. (In 1943 will appear another book, My it horn bro , gathering a choice of poems written throughout its life).

In 1868, it started to publish the results of its collections. Initially a first collection of Songs and popular songs of the Low-Brittany - there were several volumes of them, distinguishing Gwerziou (“Laments”) and Soniou (“Songs”). The following year, appears the equivalent for the Contes and popular Récits of Breton Armorican the .

Quarrel of the Barzaz Breiz

In 1872, it lute with the congress of the Breton Association with Saint-Brieuc a text blaming the authenticity of the songs of the Barzaz Breiz published by Theodore Hersart of Villemarqué 33 years earlier. A polemic followed and its text, refused by Breton Association, was published by its care. This polemic lasted more than one century. In 1960 Francis Gourvil presented an extremely partial thesis of doctorate according to which the songs of Barzaz Breiz were false. In 1989 Donatien Laurent showed, in its thesis based on the handwritten books of Villemarqué, that if the author of Barzaz Breiz had strongly altered his Breton songs, it was almost always pressed on versions which it itself had collected or retranscribed.

Journalist, judge and archivist

Luzel practices the political journalism of 1874 with 1880 with the Future of Morlaix , republican newspaper and is then Justice of the Peace to Daoulas.

In 1881 it reaches a stable position while becoming Conservateur Departmental records of Finistere to Quimper. It meets Anatole there Braz then professor; Anatole Braz becomes his disciple and continuous his work by collecting tales (without giving the original text) and by inventorying the old Breton theater. He is elected at the municipal council of Quimper under the republican label .

In 1883 he becomes vice-president of the archaeological Société of the Finistere in which he took part for some time and whose Villemarqué is the president-founder.

Attempt to make teach the Breton one

In 1888 he asks Ernest Renan to intervene with the Minister for the State education in order to allow his friend Anatole Braz to teach the Breton one with the college of Quimper (see lower text). The intervention of Renan shows a refusal of the Minister.

January 1st, 1890 it is made knight of the Légion of honor which it receives with the hands of his old rival Villemarqué at the time of a ceremony which takes place on January 30th. Apparently reconciled, they die the same year (1895).

Teaching of the Breton one

Letter of François Luzel in Ernest Renan.

the friend Braz had to write to you to announce his desire to profess a language class Breton with the College of Quimper, apart from the hours of class, and without allowance. He asks me to write to you… to support his request of authorization near the Minister for the State education… I think indeed that a course of Breton in the capital of an entirely Breton department of language would be a useful innovation… I would like that in all our elementary schools attended by the Breton Breton-speaking ones, one hour or two was devoted to make them learn by heart and to sing Breton songs and other pieces of poetry suitable to inculcate patriotic feelings to them… because the Breton one likes its national language over all the others. … The good Breton books are if not very widespread.

Breton language " ancienne" or " moderne": a testimony

Of aucuns wrote that a " good portion of the Breton-speaking medium institutionnel" also the publication of tales in " refused; Breton language ancienne" while wanting to impose its " traduction" into Breton modern.

Let us announce, to clarify this aspect, a testimony which is not pain-killer. In 1943 was published the collection of poetries of Luzel entitled My It horn-Bro or the preface writer Joseph Olivier indicates:

"We entirely did not follow the orthography of Luzel: our idea was not to make an edition for the scholar s" .
Its edition thus accepted approval (indicated on page IV of the work)

of the great nephew Paul Luzel, of Rennes, so attached to the memory and works of its great-uncle
of the professor of Breton and Celtic of the University of Rennes rear Per Russet-red (Pierre the Russet-red).

Today the two publications (that of Francoise Morvan in the orthography of Luzel, and that in Orthography unified of Breton the) of a work of the Public domain were born. The reader can thus choose with full knowledge of the facts without nothing being imposed to him, and without being obliged to take party in a university Querelle.

In connection with the tales: an Italian example

In 1957, after two years of investigation among the popular storytellers, Italo Calvino published Fiabe Italiane (Italian Contes), collection of traditional tales retranscribed or rewritten by him, without a quarrel being followed from there, like that maintained in connection with the tales Luzel.

In connection with the songs collected

Luzel did not collect nor not transcribed the airs of the songs which it collected. It was Maurice Duhamel which undertook this task between 1909 and 1912, but near different singers. These airs, like those collected by François Valley on wax rollers, were published in Breton Musique of Maurice Duhamel in 1913.

Works

Holy Tryphine and the King Arthur , Quimperlé, Pale (1863)
Bepred Breizad. Always Breton , Breton Poetries , Morlaix, Haslé (1865).

Songs and popular songs of Low-Brittany , Soniou (2 volumes) and Gwerziou (2 volumes) (1868-1890). These 4 volumes were republished in 1971 with a presentation of Donatien Laurent (but without any text of D. Laurent inside volumes).

Tales and popular Récits of Breton Armorican the (1869), new edition: PURE, Ground of Fog (1996), text presented and established by Francoise Morvan, foreword of Nicole Belmont,

Of the authenticity of the songs of Barzaz-Breiz of Mr. of Villemarqué Saint-Brieuc, Guyon (1872)

Songs and popular songs of Low-Brittany , Gwerziou II (1874)

Taken care Breton (1979) (new edition: PURE and Ground of Fog, 2002, text presented and established by Francoise Morvan).

Christian Legends of Low-Brittany Paris, Maisonneuve (1881) (new edition: PURE and Ground of Fog, 2001, text presented and established by Francoise Morvan)

popular Tales of Low-Brittany Paris, Maisonneuve and CH. Leclerc (1887) 3 vol. prefaced and annotated by the author.

Life of Saint Gwennolé , Quimper, Cotonnec (1889)

Songs and popular songs of Low-Brittany , Soniou (1890)

Posthumous editions

rear Kontadennou Bobl E Breiz-Izel Quimper, Goaziou (1939)
My It horn-Bro. Soniou ha gwerziou Quimper, Goaziou (1943). The reading of certain parts of the collection leave dreamer when some critical claim to see in the author the symbol of the virulent antinationalism. As for the poem Breizad ez oun it inevitably makes think of a person who does not seem to represent the ideal of the author.
Gwerzioù kozh Breizh , coll “Studi ha dudi”, Al Liamm, 1970.
rear Kontadennou Bobl (5 volumes), Al Liamm, (1984 - 1994)
traditional Tales of Brittany , 6 volumes (1994-1995), Year Young stag - Hor Yezh - Mouladurioù Hor Yezh
Travel diary and letters of assignment , university Presses of Rennes and Terre of Fog, Rennes (1994)
Breton Tales , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1994), text established and presented by Francoise Morvan.
new Tales Volume I , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1994), text established and presented by Francoise Morvan.
Tales of the baker , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1995), texts gathered and presented by Francoise Morvan.
new Contes Volume II , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1995), texts gathered and presented by Francoise Morvan.
found Tales Volume I , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1995), texts gathered and presented by Francoise Morvan.
Correspondence Luzel-Renan , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1995), texts gathered and presented by Francoise Morvan.
New Taken care Breton , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1995) (edition Francoise Morvan).
new Contes Volume III, Carnets of collecting , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1996), translation of Francoise Morvan and Marthe Vassallo, critical apparatus and notes of Francoise Morvan.
In Low-Brittany (impressions and notes of voyage) , Hor Yezh, 1996, ISBN 2-910699-17-X
" Notes of voyage into Low-Bretagne" , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1997), texts established and presented by Francoise Morvan.
found Tales Volume II , PURE and Ground of Fog, Rennes (1999), texts gathered and presented by Francoise Morvan.
Holy Tryphine and the king Arthur , PURE and Ground of Fog (2002, presentation of Francoise Morvan). Except the presentation, of fifty pages, in French, it is about the rédition in facsimile of the bilingual work published in 1863.
Santez Trifin hag rear wheel Arzur , Emgleo Breiz. It is about the republication of the Breton text of the bilingual work published in 1863 and retranscribed in the orthography of the editor. One will note that this edition did not undergo the lightnings of Francoise Morvan, like the tales published by Al Liamm.
rear Yezh vuhez . Choice of poems of Luzel, carried out by Per Denez, extracted the preceding works.
Tales of Low-Brittany , chosen by Francoise Morvan, Ouest-France (2007) ISBN 2737340896

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