François-Henri of Montmorency-Luxembourg

See also: Marshal of Luxembourg, François de Montmorency

François-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville (January 8th 1628 with Paris - January 4th 1695 with Versailles), Count de Bouteville and Count de Luxe, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg, Even of France (1661) and Marshal of France (1675), more known under the name of Marshal of Luxembourg or that of tapestry maker of Notre-Dame , is a French general of the 17th century.

Origins

One of its ancestors took part in the Bataille of Bouvines at the sides of Philippe Auguste, it is a cousin of the duke Henri II of Montmorency, decapitated for crime of Lèse-majesté the October 30th 1632.

His/her father, the count de Bouteville, is also carried out six months before his birth to be itself beaten in duel with François d' Harcourt, marquis de Beuvron, in full day, places Royale at Paris. The name of Montmorency is not then in odor of holiness. His/her aunt, Charlotte de Montmorency, princess of Cop, offer her protection to him and raises with his/her son, the duke of Enghien. It sticks to his cousin, and shares his successes and reverses during the Fronde of the Princes, both exile with the Spanish Netherlands. It is then known under the name of count de Bouteville .

Of return in France in 1659, Cop and are forgiven to him. Condé sticks to the duchess of Châtillon, the sister of Montmorency, and arranges, in 1661, the marriage of his/her cousin with the most beautiful party of France, Madeleine of Luxembourg-Piney, princess of Tingry and heiress of the duchy of Piney, known under the name of duchy of Luxembourg. This marriage makes of Bouteville a Pair of France.

At the beginning of the War of Devolution, in 1667, Cop and itself are found without assignment, but during the second countryside, in 1668 it obtains a rank of general Lieutenant with dimensions of Cop in the conquest of the Franche-Comté. During the years of peaces which followed, Luxembourg cultivates the favors of Louvois.

Military career

In 1672, during the Guerre of Holland it is named Gouverneur of Holland. It demolishes the Prince d' Orange with Woerden and devastates Holland, and in 1673 it protects the retirement from Utrecht until Maastricht with only 20.000 men vis-a-vis an army of 70.000 men. This exploit places it at the first rank of the generals.

In 1674 it is made captain of the guards of the king, and in 1675, Marshal of France. In 1676 it is placed at the head of the army of the Rhine, but in 1677, it does not manage to prevent the duke of Lorraine from taking Philippsburg. In 1678 it has demolishes the Prince d' Orange with Saint-Denis the August 14th 1678, useless combat since gained the shortly after the signature of the Traité of Nimègue (August 10th 1678).

Its reputation is with most, at the point to make the envieux ones. When occurs the business of the poisons , Louvois pretext the old experiments of alchemist of Montmorency to show it assassination and of pact with the devil, he is imprisoned with the Bastille in January 1680, quickly released he is condemned to the exile on his grounds during one year.

He finds thanks to the eyes of the king only in 1688, when the Guerre of the league of Augsburg bursts, the king Louis XIV and Louvois estimates that Luxembourg is the only one with being able to face the Prince d' Orange, and the command of the army of Flanders gives him. July 1st 1690 it gains a great victory over prince de Waldeck with the battles of Fleurus.

The following year, the September 18th 1691, it orders the victorious army with the Bataille of Leuze. Then it demolishes once again the Prince d' Orange with the Bataille of Steinkerque in 1692, and with the Bataille of Neerwinden in 1693. It is called the Tapissier of Notre-Dame because of the great number of enemy flags, which it takes on the battle fields and which one suspends in the heart of the cathedral. It is received everywhere with enthusiasm with Paris, except by the king, who sees in him only one relative and disciple of Condé.

In the countryside of 1694, Luxembourg has little occasion to illustrate itself in Flanders, except when it leads the famous walk of Vignamont to Tournai vis-a-vis the enemy. On its return to Versailles during the winter, he falls ill and dies.

Marriage and descent

François-Henri de Montmorency marries the March 17th 1661 Madeleine of Clermont-Thunder, duchess of Luxembourg, princess of Tingry, countess of Ligny, baroness of Dangu. They had 5 children
  • Charles Ier Frederic (1662-1726), duke of Piney-Luxembourg, duke of Beaufort, duke of Montmorency, prince d' Aigremont, prince de Tingry, count de Bouteville, count de Lassé, count de Dangu, Pair of France, general Lieutenant. Father of Charles II Frederic (1702 - 1764) Marshal of France (1757)
  • Pierre Henri (1663-1700), abbot of Saint-Michel of Orcamp
  • Paul Sigismond (1664-?), duke of Châtillon, count de Luxe and baron d' Apremont
  • Christian-Louis (1675-1746), prince de Tingry, count de Luxe, Even of France, Marshal of France (1734)
  • Angelica Cunégonde (1666-?) Madam de Luwembourg

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