François-Ferdinand of Austria

Biography

Was François-Ferdinand born the December 18th 1863 with Graz (Styrie) and Maria on July 1st - or June 28th (?) - 1900 in the vault of the castle of Reichstadt (Bohemia) with the countess Sophie Chotek de Chotkowa and Woguin, " sovereign Princess " of Hohenberg, today Zákupy in Czech Republic. His/her father, the archduke Charles-Louis de Habsbourg, husband in second weddings of Marie of the Annunciation of Deux-Siciles Princess of Deux-Siciles, was the younger brother of the Emperor of Austria and King de Hongrie François-Joseph Ier.

Nephew of this last, he became the potential heir to the imperial throne at 25 years with died of his first cousin Rodolphe of Austria, died in a mysterious way (even scandalous) with Mayerling, the January 30th 1889, in company of his 17 year old mistress Marie Vetsera, and became heir titrates of it àprès the death of his father, died of the Typhoïde to have wanted to drink water of the the Jordan in 1896.

Reached tuberculosis soon, he saw the court being diverted of him what accentuated its contempt for the curiaux mediums. Soon cured, each one thought that it should marry soon…

Also its marriage with a woman, certainly resulting from the old nobility of Bohemia but not of royal blood Indeed caused it a terrible problem with the Emperor, to marry this lady, François-Ferdinand would have, according to the rules of succession to the crown, to give up the throne. His/her brother Othon would then have become the heir to the throne Austro-Hongrois.Mais Othon one was discharged notorious with the publicly scandalous life. The Emperor decided, in cause of despair, which François-Ferdinand would preserve his row of succession but that his wife could not carry to be associated with the throne and that their children could not be dynastes what François-Ferdinand accepted not without sourness nor can be without ulterior motives. In compensation, it conferred on the wife of the archduke the title of Sovereign Princesse then Duchesse of Hohenberg and the first rank at the court after the family members imperial.

The couple carried out a withdrawn life. It had two boys and a girl.

Deeply Slavophile, the archduke did not hide that with its accession with the throne, it would transform dualistic monarchy (Austria-Hungary) into monarchy trialist and would give to the Slavic populations its empire and kingdom, the same rights as to the populations Germanic and Magyar. If this program caused little reaction in Austria, it was, on the other hand more unpopular in the circles of Hungarian capacity.

The archduke and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28th, 1914 apar a Serb nationalist student Gabriel Princip. Its death pushed Austria-Hungary to declare a " war préventive" the Serbia.

It was, alas, the event release of the First World War.

The circumstances of the voyage of inspection of François-Ferdinand following the army maneuvers organized in Bosnia-Herzégovine seem to have supported the assassin S. the day chosen, June 28th, was the birthday of the defeat of Serb to the Bataille of Kosovo in 1389 vis-a-vis the Othoman . The voyage of the Archduke Heir, General inspector of the Armies, was regarded by the Serb minority as a provocation. Bilinski, minister in charge for the administration of Bosnia-Herzégovine, with Vienna, also refused to take account of the warning of the ambassador from Serbia to Vienna, Jovan Jovanovic, affirming that an attack was in preparation. The order of prince Montenuovo, large-Master of the court, not to make the honors military to the couple (and thus to withdraw the troop (40 000 men) of Sarajevo), with the reason that the duchess of Hohenberg not being Impériale family member was not in right to receive them, deprived the couple of an effective military protection.

A first attack took place on the driving course with the reception envisaged in the honor of the princely visitor but that the archduke ruined: by an adequate reflex, it pushed back a bomb launched by one of entreated. During the reception which followed, it announced its dissatisfaction to the local authorities then decided to go to visit the victims at the hospital. the driver while not having been informed, failed to make an error of route and, on order of the archduke, to stop in the middle of crowd to start a step back. By doing this, it involuntarily put the couple at range of shooting of its assassin who, after the first assassination attempt, had however given up achieving his task.

The assassination of François-Ferdinand arranged many people. The count the Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary, was even suspected of having taken part there because with the advertisement of died of François-Ferdinand, who was frankly hostile for him, he exclaimed in full Parliament with Budapest: “ the will of God was achieved! ”. This suspicion seems however unfounded. It however gives an idea of the atmosphere of the time of before the " Great War ".

François-Ferdinand within the dynasty

Charles-Louis was the son of the archduke François-Charles, itself wire of the emperor François I {{er}}. François-Charles renonça with the imperial succession at the time of the revolution of 1848 It had of his wife born Sophie of Bavaria five children including four wire:

François-Joseph known as Franzl (1830-1916), Emperor of Austria since 1848 and King de Hongrie in 1867 husband of Elisabeth of Bavaria known as Sissi
ferdinand-Maximilien known as max born the July 6th 1832, emperor of the Mexico in 1864, carried out the June 19th 1867
Charles-Louis of Austria (1833-1896), father of François-Ferdinand
Louis-Victor of Austria (1842-1919)

Charles-Louis and Maria-Annunziata had as wire:

François-Ferdinand (1863-1914)
Othon ('' Otto '') (1865-1906)
Ferdinand of Austria (1868-1915) which had to give up its titles, its name and to leave the imperial court to be able to contract a marriage morganatic (1911. It took the name Burg

François-Ferdinand carried the title of Archiduc common to all the Agnat S dynastes of the House of Habsbourg.

The house of Austria Este which had reigned on Modena (1814-1859) extinguished in 1875 and the emperor François-Joseph Ier deferred the name and the titles of them on his nephew who became François-Ferdinand of Austria-Este. It does not seem that the Archiduc heir to Austria carried a particular title.

Among those which arrive first in a successional order, two cases arise:

the interested party cannot be retrogressed with another successional row by a birth: in which case it often carries a special title such as " Kronprinz " in Austria and Germany, " prince de Galles " in the United Kingdom, etc…
the interested party can be retrogressed with another successional row by an even improbable birth : it is the case of Charles-Louis, of his François-Ferdinand son of his grandson Charles.

Tragic événénements however brought Charles-Louis and François-Ferdinand closer to the throne:

death without male descent legitimates of Kronprinz Rodolphe, only sons of the François-Joseph emperor, in 1889.
That of the Emperor of Mexico Maximilien Ier, puîné brother of the Emperor and King François-Joseph, shot by the rebels in 1867 and who did not leave wire either.

As for the archduke Charles which will succeed François-Joseph on the throne of Austria-Hungary in 1916 the relatively dubious character of its hopes was still accentuated more: François-Ferdinand could become widowed, to contract a marriage " then; égal" and to procreate Archiduc S which would have moved away Charles from the throne. Charles, nephew of François-Ferdinand, were very close to his uncle, of which it shared the sights on the necessary constitutional modification of the Empire.

François-Ferdinand contracted, in 1900, a Mariage morganatic with Sophie Chotek de Chotkowa and Woguin, i.e. a regular marriage according to the civil law and the canonical Droit of the Catholic church but of row " inégal" (it should have married a woman of a House reigning, Médiatisé E or having reigned). This marriage drew aside de facto the wire which it had with his wife of the imperial and royal succession: these wire were thus not Archiduc S. Exceptionnellement, François-Ferdinand had to give up its row of Archiduc of Austria neither to its titles, neither with the imperial and royal succession, neither with its name, nor with the other rights which it held with personal capacity. His wife was titrated, before her marriage, " Sovereign Princess " ( Fürstin ) - with right of transmission to its descent -, then in 1907, duchess of Hohenberg.

The couple had as children:

the princess Sophie de Hohenberg (1901 - 1990)
the prince Maximilien de Hohenberg (1902 - 1962) who was titrated duke of Hohenberg in 1917 with right of transmission to the chief of the house Hohenberg
the prince Ernest de Hohenberg (1904 - 1954)

Burial of François-Ferdinand de Habsbourg and Sophie, duchess of Hohenberg

Before his death, the François-Ferdinand archduke made the decision to make set up a vault with Artstetten where he wanted to rest in company of his wife, Sophie. This one feared that being member of the house Impériale and Royal, the Emperor François-Joseph Ier, as an household head, did not make the decision to make it bury, according to the tradition, in the crypt of the Capuchins with Vienna, the duchess of Hohenberg, his wife not being entitled to this honor.

Funerals took place in Vienna in the presence of the Emperor, of the Imperial and Royal Family, the children of the couple and the official Austrians. The burial, in the funerary vault of the castle of Artstetten, was a private ceremony.

The Hohenberg orphans were collected by the archduchess Marie-Therese) girl of [[Michel Ier of Portugal]] and widow of their paternal grandfather, the Charles-Louis archduke. Two years after Sarajevo, ([[1916]]) during [[battles of Verdun]], the Marie-Therese archduchess suggested with the German Emperor [[Guillaume II of Germany|Guillaume II]] the re-establishment of the sovereignty of old [[Duchy of Lorraine|Ducal Lorraine]] with the profit of '' max '', the elder one of Hohenberg, in order to “level” the Franco-German dispute, but encountered a refusal. The two branches ([[house of Lorraine]]), remain always nowadays: *la connects elder but morganatic [[Hohenberg]], *et the line resulting from the emperor Charles I {{er}} of Austria. His/her son [[Otto Habsburg-Lothringen]] is the chief today. == Its life, its legend == During his childhood, François-Ferdinand appeared sufficiently far away from the throne so that its education was neglected perfectly. The Hungarian Parliament tried to give the quality of dynastes to the descent of François-Ferdinand for only Hungary but François-Joseph put good order at it because that would have meant the end of [[Austria-Hungary]]. François-Ferdinand had bought the field and the castle of Konopiště (German Konopischt) in [[Bohemia]], which was confiscated with its heirs by Benès which nationalized it. The character of François-Ferdinand was hard. Before its assassination it had mesh to leave with the Hungarians. Its disappearance hardly moved François-Joseph. It could face balance with the protocolar affronts due to the lower row of his wife. It was aware of the danger which it ran while going to Sarajevo. He had entrusted his near certainty to be assassinated with his nephew the Archduke Charles. == Voir also == === Bibliography === * Maurice Low wall '' the Archduke François-Ferdinand '', 1932, Paris, [[Bernard Grasset]], 347 pages * Chantal de Badts de Cugnac and Guy Costing of Saisseval '' Small Gotha '', new edition 2002,918 pages, covers the genealogy and history of the families reigning or having reigned between 1830 and 2001, autoedity, Paris, ISBN 2-9507974-0-7 * '' Empire of Austria '', 3 volumes (1990-1993), 33 cm, CEDAR (Center of study of the European royal dynasties), Paris * Vladimir Dedijer, '' the road of Sarajevo '', ED. Gallimard * Albert Mousset, '' a historical drama - the attack of Sarajevo '', ED. Payot * [[Jean-Louis Thiériot]], '' François-Ferdinand of Austria - De Mayerling in Sarajevo '', Editions of Fallois, Paris === related Articles === * [[Attack of Sarajevo]] * [[Sophie Chotek]] * [[François Ier of Austria]] * [[François-Charles of Austria]] * [[Sophie of Bavaria]] * The group of [[rock'n'roll]] '' [[Franz Ferdinand]] '' holds, indirectly, its name of this character. === With the cinema === The film '' De Mayerling in Sarajevo '' of [[max Ophüls]] (1940) the life of the archduke and his wife recalls. {{Gate Cliopédia}} {{DEFAULTSORT: François-Ferdinand of Austria}} [[Category: Personality of the First World War]] [[Category: Dynasty of Habsbourg-Lorraine]] [[Category: Birth in 1863]] [[Category: Death in 1914]] [[Category: Died assassinated]] [[Category: Knight of the Jumper]] [[ast: Franz Ferdinand]] [[bg: ФранцФердинанд]] [[bs: Franjo Ferdinand]] [[Ca: Francesc Ferran d' Àustria]] [[Cs: František Ferdinand d' Este]] [[cy: Franz Ferdinand]] [[da: Franz Ferdinand]] [[of: Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este]] [[el: Φραγκίσκος Φερδινάνδος της Αυστρίας]] [[in: Archduke Franz Ferdinand off Austria]] [[eo: Franz Ferdinand]] [[be: Francisco Fernando de Austria]] [[and: Franz Ferdinand]] [[have: Franz Ferdinand (artxidukea)]] [[F: آرشیدوکفرانتسفردیناند]] [[fi: Franz Ferdinand]] [[ga: Ard-diúc Franz Ferdinand Na hOstaire]] [[gl: Francisco Fernando]] [[He: פרנץפרדיננד]] [[hu: Habsburg-Lotharingiai Ferenc Ferdinánd főherceg]] [[id: Franz Ferdinand Austria Indian millet]] [[it: Francesco Ferdinando d' Austria]] [[ja: フランツ・フェルディナント大公]] [[ka: ფრანცფერდინანდი (ავსტრია-უნგრეთი)]] [[KB: 프란츠페르디난트]] [[lt: Pranciškus Ferdinandas]] [[ms: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria Indian millet]] [[nah: Franz Ferdinand]] [[nl: Frans Ferdinand van Oostenrijk-Este]] [[No: Franz Ferdinand front Østerrike-Este]] [[pl: Franciszek Ferdynand Habsburg]] [[Pt: Francisco Fernando]] [[ro: Arhiducele Francisc Ferdinand Al Austriei]] [[Ru: ФранцФердинанд]] [[sco: Airchduke Franz Ferdinand O Austrick]] [[HS: Franjo Ferdinand]] [[simple: Archduke Franz Ferdinand off Austria]] [[sk: František Ferdinand d' Este]] [[SSL: Frank Ferdinand]] [[Sr: НадвојводаФранцФердинанд]] [[sv: Franz Ferdinand]] [[HT: ฟรันซ์เฟอร์ดินันด์แห่งออสเตรีย]] [[tr: Arşidük Franz Ferdinand]] [[the U.K.: ФранцФердінанд]] [[zh: 弗朗茨·斐迪南大公

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