Fragua

Angouleme (in Saintongeais Engoulaeme ) is a French city , located in the department of the Charente and the area Poitou-Charentes, crossed by the Charente. Capital of the Angoumois, it was a long time a besieged fortified town with the crossroads of several important roads several times. It belongs to an agglomeration which one of is industrialized area (paper mill starting from XVIème century, foundry and electromechanics during one more recent time).
During the French revolution the city was called Mountain-Charente.
Its inhabitants is called the Angoumoisins .

Geography

Angouleme is located at the confluence of the Charente, Anguienne and the Touvre.

Climate

History

Angoulesme is the old name carried by the city. With time, like much of words of the French language, Angoulesme lost its “are” which was transformed into “E” (“E” Circumflex accent).

Antiquity

The history of the city is very badly known before the Roman period: it is known simply that the hill was occupied by a Oppidum under the name of Iculisma .

Since antiquity, the name of the city knew many alternatives: Engolma, Egolesma, Engolisma (cartulaire of the churches of Angouleme) , Equalisma, Iculisma, Civitas Engolismensium (Notitia provinciarum civitatum Galliae). No convincing ethymology was proposed to date

The city profits from the Pax romana and trades like all the average agglomerations of Empire (60 ha). She knows one prosperous period at the end of the Roman Empire: she is set up with the row of capital of Civitas (fine 3rd or 4th century), the network of Roman ways is reorganized in her favor between Poitiers and Bordeaux, finally its enclosure of the Lower Empire is consequent (27 ha). This importance allows the establishment of a bishop and a count.

However, it is systematically attached to the various Aquitanian kingdoms, and the end of Antiquity for the city is to be located in 768, when Pépin the Brief overcomes Hunald II and moors it with the frank kingdom.

Early middle ages

The city, held by the Visigoths, professing the heresy of Arius is besieged first once by Clovis in 507 after Vouillé, then taken in 508.
The chroniclers Gregoire de Tours, Adémar de Chabanes report a new miraculous phenomenon: Clovis receiving a divine help to fight the heretics would have seen the frightening walls of the city collapsing with its approach, such Josué in Jericho, without very having recourse to the trumpets!

During the battle, however Clovis would have been seriously wounded with a leg, undoubtedly a fracture. The fact is reported by the tradition, and on a lathe of the 2° pregnant figure a carved leg which is known as " Leg of Clovis".

At the time of its passage to Angouleme, after having made pass the garrison to the wire of the sword, Clovis made cut down the old cathedral to rebuild a news of it, bearing the name of Saint Pierre. Of this building two capitals carved out of marble remain which frame bay of axis in the apse of the current cathedral.

In 848, Angouleme is plundered by the chief Viking Hasting.
In 896 or 930? the historians are not agreement, the city undergoes a new attack of the invaders Vikings. But this time they encounter an effective resistance. Guillaume I°, third count d' Angoulême, with the head of his troops, delivers a decisive combat to them. During this engagement, it would have split upon half-length, of a masterly blow of size the Norman chief Stonius, like its helmet and its cuirasse.
It is this exploit which would have been worth the name of Taillefer to him, that will carry all its descendants until Isabelle of Angouleme, also said Isabelle Taillefer.

800 years of the commune

May 18th 1204 a charter is signed by Jean Without Ground, king d' Angleterre to make official the creation of the commune of Angouleme. The king “concedes with the inhabitants of Angouleme to keep freedoms and right habits of their city and to defend their possessions and their rights”. (the city celebrated this birthday all the year 2004) .

Angouleme was the seat of a county, the Angoumois, which arrived to a branch of the family of Valois from which François I is resulting {{er}}, king de France of 1515 with 1547, born with Cognac in 1494. In 1524, the Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano returns from the Indies. He announces with François Ier to have discovered a new territory which he named Nouvelle Angouleme in his honor. This territory becomes the New Amsterdam thereafter, then New York.

At the time of the first wars of religion, the city takes the weapons: it is reconquered in 1563 by Montpensier. In 1565, Charles IX passes in the city at the time of royal sound Tour de France (1564 - 1566), accompanied by the Cour. In October 1568, the city is taken by the Protestants.

Henri III was in his early childhood duke of Angouleme.

Second world war

June 24th, 1940, the 2°division Verfugunstruppe (special troop of intervention) " Das Reich", supported by other units of Wermacht, makes its entry in Angouleme. These troops neutralize and make captive the many French soldiers taken refuge in the city. One estimates their number between 10 and 20.000. They will be returned to freedom in the suivants.
days The division Das Reich, which will go tragically celebrates in 1944, will continue its " war éclair" by joining as fast as possible the Spanish border to quickly define the Line of demarcation which will cut France in deux.
Angouleme will be in Occupied Zone, under German authority and seat of a " Feld Kommandantur". The border with the Free Zone, familiarly called zone nono (nonoccupied) passes to approximately 20 kilometers of Angouleme, dividing the department into 2. This part will undergo the Régime of Vichy.
August 20th, 1940 leaves Angouleme a convoy of Spanish Réfugiés: the Convoy of the 927. it is the first convoy of the history of the Déportation in Europe. The men will be directed towards the camp of Mauthausen where very little survécurent.
Ces taken refuge had been gathered in the camps of " Combe in Loups" in Ruelle and " Alliés" in Angouleme. This last was also used as concentration camp for the nomades.
October 21st, 1941 the young person Gontran Labrégère, who had tried, with his friend Jean Pierre Rivière to set fire to in station of Angouleme a train of straw and ammunition is shot by the occupants.
It is the first of a long list of 98 resistant or hostages originating in Charente.
In 1942, the Guillon mayor is relieved, shown to belong to an organization declared out the law by the mode of Vichy. He will be replaced by notable, the Pallas.
industrialist October 8th, 1942, 387 people of Jewish origin are stopped then off-set with Auschwitz. Eight survivors in reviendront.
March 19th, 1944 a made bombardment of extensive damage and a victim with the Nationale.
Powder mill June 15th and on August 14th, 1944, the station is the target of the flying fortresses which pour a carpet of bombs doing little damage to the enemy but causing the death of 242 victims, destroying 400 houses and making 5000 sinistrés.
At the end of the month of August 1944 the Colonne Elster which joins together remains of various German units and the Hindu Légion crosses the city without notable incident in repliant.

Various units of FFI of the department and the Dordogne begin the surrounding of the city then. The evening of August 31st the attack is launched, putting in escape the remainders of the German garrison. This one fortunately did not have the possibility of organizing the defense of the city by using the many ones and frightening strengthened works set up in this but.
In the night of August the thirty and one at September first the city is released, a Committee of Release and a new prefect is installés.
This attack will have however made 51 victims in the rows of the various committed units: Maquis Bir Hakeim, Sun Group, S.S.S. (Special section of Sabotage) etc…

Inheritance

  • the ramparts , balcony on Charente
  • the Law courts builds on an old convent
  • a decentralized antenna of the regional Funds of contemporary art of Poitou-Charentes; external bond: * The Museum of the archaeological and historical company of Charente
  • the Museum of the data base . (CNBDI)
  • the Charente-native Museum of Resistance and the Deportation.
  • the municipal Theater with the superb frontage.
  • the college Jules-Verne , old deanery, which preserved superb rooms like that of music (old vault with the superb stained glass and the carved frame) and the TDCI (vault arched out of stone of size with keystones and stained glasses - visible since the street of Beaulieu)
  • the Lycée Guez de Balzac

Angouleme and the Angoumois country is classified Ville and Pays of Art and History.

Heraldic

Malta-Brown pays, in illustrated France (1883), in addition to the blasonnement preceding one, blasonnement which would appear “in a manuscript of 1669”:
“Of azure, with a gate of city côtoyé of two crenelated towers of money, and a flower of gold lily in heart, crowned of gold as a chief. ”, accompanied by the currency: “FORTITUDO MEA CIVIUM FIDES” ( I draw my force from the honesty of my citizens ).

Economy

Angouleme is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Angouleme. It manages the Aéroport of Angouleme - Brie - Champniers.

Administration

Angouleme is divided into three cantons:

|- | align=" center" | 1773 with 1790 ||align=" center" | Pierre Went of the Bank || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1894 with 1896 ||align=" center" | Auguste Mulac || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1900 with 1919 ||align=" center" | Auguste Mulac || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1925 with 1941 ||align=" center" | Gustave Guillon || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1941 with 1944 ||align=" center" | Ariste Pallas || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1944 with 1945 ||align=" center" | Antoine Rougerie |- | align=" center" | 1945 with 1947 ||align=" center" | Antonin Denis || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1947 with 1954 ||align=" center" | Roger Baudrin || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1955 with 1957 ||align=" center" | Henri Thébault || align=" " center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1957 with 1958 ||align=" center" | RAOUL Boucheron || align=" center" | || |- | align=" center" | 1958 with 1970 ||align=" center" | Henri Thébault || align=" center" | CNI || |- | align=" center" | 1970 with 1977 ||align=" center" | Roland Chiron || align=" center" | CNI |- | align=" center" | 1977 with 1989 ||align=" center" | Jean-Michel Boucheron || align=" center" | PS |- | align=" center" | 1989 with 1997 ||align=" center" | Georges Chavanes || align=" center" | UDF |- | align=" center" | January 1997 ||align=" center" | Philippe Mottet || align=" center" | UMP ||

Demography

Culture and festivals

  • At the end of January: International festival of the cartoon
  • At the end of May: Music Mongrel
  • At the end of July: Garden Nave Party Festival of Rock'n'roll
  • At the end of September: Circuit of the Ramparts
  • At the beginning of November: Ludoland
  • At the end of November: Gastronomades

Angouleme shelters the CNBDI, which records the whole of the cartoons published in France. In the buildings of CNBDI is also ENJMIN, first school financed by the state in Europe having for key subject the video games and the media interactives.

Angouleme, renamed " City of Image" or " Capital of BD" , is known for its " Walls peints" in data base; external bond:.

Twinnings

Web site of the Committee of Twinnings

Celebrities

  • Jean of Orleans (1400-1467), the " Good Count Jean d' Angoulême". Grandson of the king Charles V of France, wire of the duke Louis of Orleans and Valentine Visconti, brother of the famous poet Charles of Orleans and grandfather of the king François Ier, the Count Jean left the memory of a wise, educated man and very monk. After 32 years of captivity in England, it settled in its county in Angouleme then with Cognac. At the conclusion of the One hundred year old War, he undertook in his grounds a work of rebuilding. Its popularity was immense, which explains the qualifier of " Good Comte". It has rested in the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre of Angouleme for 540 years.
  • Zulma Carraud, écrivaine, whose husband, the commander Carraud, was named inspector of the Powder mill of Angouleme after the Révolution of 1830. The couple had a property with close relation of Angouleme where he lived until in 1834, frequently accommodating the author of the human Comedy. It is there that Honore de Balzac, wrote Grenadière in one night. Angouleme is also the city where is born one from most famous characters of Honore de Balzac: Lucien Thistle, become then Lucien de Rubempré in lost Illusions.
  • Octave Callandreau (1852-1904), French, native astronomer of Angouleme
  • Rene Chabasse (1921-1944), resistant
  • Dominique Bagouet, French choreographer of Contemporary dance born on July 9th, 1951 in Angouleme.
  • Marguerite de France (1492-1549), older sister of François I {{er}}, born in Angouleme and known locally under the denomination of “Marguerite de Valois” by her birth or “Marguerite de Navarre” by her marriage.
  • Charles of Coulomb (1736-1806), French physicist, one gave his name to the electric unit of charge
  • Lucien Loizeau (1879-1978), Général, Gouverneur Military of Metz, Grand-Croix of the Legion of Honor.
  • François Mitterrand, president of the French Republic of 1981 with 1995, born the October 26th 1916 with Jarnac (Charente) carried out its secondary studies with the Saint-Paul college of Angouleme.
  • Pastora Matoses (1892-1952), painter

Others

Before being renamed New Amsterdam then New York City, the bay which was going to become seat of the first megalopolis étasunienne was founded under the name of News-Angouleme.

See too

  • Common of Charente
  • List of the bishops of Angouleme
  • List of the counts and dukes of Angouleme
  • Path of great excursion GR. 4
  • Station of Angouleme

External bonds

  • Official site of the town of Angouleme
  • Tourist office of Angouleme
  • Several sights of the town of Angouleme yesterday and today
  • 1503 - Letters patent of the king bearing Louis XII creation of 4 fairs per annum in Angouleme
  • Registers of grievances of Angoumois for the General states of 1789, and of the " manans and habitans of the town of Engolesme" in 1582
  • Stations moving Angouleme

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