Four noble truths

four noble truths (Sanskrit : catvaryaryasatyani, Japanese : shisotai) is one of the central lesson of the Bouddhisme. It is in this significant direction which they were taught by the Bouddha in its first sermon, with Bénarès, the sermon which put moving the wheel of the Dharma .

Heart of Buddhism

Four Noble truths

the first noble truth is that of Dukkha, the suffering. She teaches that the conditioned existence, the existence such as we know it, is suffering: the birth is suffering, old age is suffering, the disease is suffering, death is suffering, being linked so that one does not like is suffering, separate being of what one likes is suffering - and, finally, the five aggregates of attachment are suffering. This term of suffering is also usefully translated by dissatisfaction, since it indicates well beyond the physical pain.
the second truth is that of the origin of the suffering ( samudaya ). It is the thirst and the ignorance which generate the three roots of the evil: covetousness, hatred and the error; any act (of the spirit, the body or the word), good or bad product a fruit (Phala) positive or negative for its author.
the third truth is that of the suspension of the suffering ( nirodha ). It states that there is a suspension of thirst. This end of the sorrows is the Nirvāna.
the fourth noble truth is that of the driving way to the suspension of the suffering ( magga ). This way is the " noble path octuple" or " holy way with the eight membres" : correct opinion, correct intention, correct word, correct body activity, correct means of existence, correct effort, correct attention and correct mental concentration; this way makes it possible to reach the nirvana.

Parabola of the doctor

These four noble truths are often compared with the speech of a doctor. The Buddha cures the humanity of his evils. He thus states initially a diagnosis, seeks the cause of the disease, sees whether the cure possible and is prescribed a remedy.

Twelve aspects

These twelve aspects take again the stanzas of the first sermon (see low First Sûtra)

First noble truth:

Knowledge of the truth of dukkha: stanza IX;
Knowledge of the operation of dukkha: X;
Connaissance of what was accomplished relating to dukkha: XI.

Second noble truth:

Knowledge of the truth of the origin of dukkha XII;
Knowledge of the operation of the origin of dukkha XIII;
Connaissance of what was accomplished concerning the origin of dukkha XIV.

Third noble truth:

Knowledge of the truth of the suspension of dukkha XV;
Knowledge of the operation of the suspension of dukkha XVI;
Connaissance of what was accomplished concerning the suspension of dukkha XVII.

Fourth noble truth:

Knowledge of the truth of the Noble eightfold path XVIII;
Knowledge of the operation of the noble eightfold path XIX;
Connaissance of what was accomplished concerning the noble eightfold path XX.

Sixteen characteristics

Each of the four truths has four characteristics.

First noble truth:

impermanency
the suffering itself
vacuity
the absence of oneself (impersonnality: to see Anatta).

First Sutta

The sutta which reports this first teaching of the Buddha is known under the name of Dhammacakkapavatthanasutta and is consigned in the section Samyutta Nikaya of the basket Sutta Pitaka .

References

Sources

Dhammacakkapavatthanasutta
Horned Philippe, encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhism , ED. Threshold, 2001.

See too

Rewata Dhamma, the first teaching of the Buddha , ED. Claire light, 1997.
Ajahn Sumedho, the four noble truths , translated by Sāvako Bhikkhu, ED. The Corporate Body off the Buddha Educational Foundation, Taiwan, 2005, Stitched, 87 pages, ISBN 2213021910.

Simple: Noble furnace Truths

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