four Modernizations (四个现代化|T, pinyin: sì Ge xiàn dài huà ) was the objective of the reforms of Deng Xiaoping. It were introduced by Zhou Enlai in 1975 during the fourth session of the Popular national assembly (RPC), one of her last appearances as a public. After its death, then that of Mao, Deng Xiaoping takes the control of the party in at the end of 1978. In December 1978, during third plénium of the 11th central committee of the party, Deng Xiaoping announced the official launch of “four modernizations”, marking thus formally the beginning of the era of the reforms. “Four modernizations” covered the following fields:

- Agriculture;

- Industry;

- Science and Technology;

- National defense.

“Four modernizations” were intended to make of China an economic great power at the dawn of the 21e century. These reforms insisted on economic independence. The Popular republic of China decided to accelerate the modernization process by increasing volume of its commercial exchanges and by opening its market, in particular for the purchase of machines coming from the Japan and of the Occident.