Fortress of Kouma

Kouma is the site of one of the Nubian fortresses established by the Pharaon S to defend their southernmost border and to control trade route which passed by the the Nile since the Sudan and the Africa.

The fortress of Kouma formed, with the two other fortresses of southern Semna and western Semna, a barrier making it possible to control the sea traffic between the second and the third cataract.

The site was discovered in 1813 by the explorer Burckhardt and was studied of 1924 to 1928 by the Egyptologist Andrew Reisner.

The fortress is of size more modest than its neighbor of western Semna and its plan is roughly rectangular. It was built with the Moyen Empire where the level of the Nile was higher of approximately seven meters insulating this fortress on a rock small island. It was still in activity with the Nouvel Empire.

Bibliographical reference

  • Dows Dunham, Second Cataract Forts, vol.: Sumna Kumma, excavated by George Andrew Reisner , 1960.

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