Forbach
Forbach is a common French, located in the department of the the Moselle and the area Lorraine. It is localized in the natural area of the Warndt and in the basin of life of the Moselle-is
Forbach counts 22.807 inhabitants, approximately 100.000 in the community of agglomeration. The transborder Agglomeration Saarbrucken - Forbach exceeds the 700.000 inhabitants.
Its inhabitants is called Forbachois and Forbachoises, and is called Forbacher.
Geography
Forbach is located at approximately 4 km of the German border and thus forms part of a vast urban surface (transborder agglomeration “Forbach/Saarbrucken” of more than 700.000 inhabitants) which includes several agglomerations of the Moselle and the the close Saar, in particular agglomeration of Saarbrucken (more than 360.000 inhabitants).
Forbach accommodates a station TGV for TGV Is which connects Paris to Frankfurt.
The cities bordering are Stiring-Wendel, Freyming-Merlebach, Cocheren, Spicheren…
History
Forbach is located in an area inhabited since strong a long time. Vestiges of the times Celtic and especially Roman were found on its round of applause. The name Forbach German and is described the situation: a brook (Bach) close to a forest (Forst) and should be marked in German.At the time Gallo-Roman, the military main road of Metz to Mainz passed to the south-east of the forest of Warndt, by the area of Forbach. This road probably supported the development of the village blottie to the foot of the hill, which will become our city.
The strong castle was built on the hill of the Schlossberg at the end of the 12th century. It will be gradually increased and, towards 1550, will be connected to the city by an enclosing wall.
Between the 10th century and 1793, many are the lords owners of the seigniory of Forbach. That which one called sometimes the German Rabelais, in fact Johann Fischart, has work as baillif and remained as prolific and satirical writer with the castle of Forbach of 1583 with 1590.
The episode of the Guerre Thirty Year old is particularly painful and devastator in the area. The castle of Schlossberg and the enclosing wall will be dismantled during this war, in 1635, on order of Richelieu. The Vault Holy Cross is devastated at the same time.
January 4th 1716, the Swedish Baron Henning Von Stralenheim buys the seigniory. One year afterwards, Léopold, Duke of Lorraine, sets it up in County by conferring to the Swedish Baron the title of Count de Forbach. Henning makes build the Castle Barrabino, its new residence. More rationally to exploit the forest, main wealth of the County and to ensure the future of his second wife, Sophie de Wasaborg, it installs a new glassmaking, which it baptizes of its name.
Marianne, born in 1734 with Strasbourg is the second countess of Forbach. Starting from 1775, it saw in its castle of Forbach that her husband, the Duke Christian IV of Double-decker repurchased with his former owners. She maintains a true Court there.
In 1738 is born in Forbach Jean-Nicolas Houchard, certainly most famous of the children of the city since its name is engraved under the vault of the Triumphal arch to Paris.
The railway line between Metz and Forbach is open in 1851, the junction with Saarbrucken one year later. And then, starting from the middle of the 19th century, three big families mark the industrial rise of the area forbachoise and influence the political life, economic and social local. These three big families are De Wendel, the Dressmaker and Adt.
De Wendel has the merit to make start the coal-mining industry with Small-Rosselle, then with Forbach and Stiring-Wendel where they develop the most powerful iron and steel plant under the Second Empire, factory which périclite however after 1870. The Dressmaker have a less economic scale, but their tileries are during a certain time most important of Lorraine, then of Germany. It is especially the family of Pierre Adt and their cardboard factories which made it possible Forbach to profit from good number of technological advancements and architectural embellishments (Tour of Schlossberg, Burghof, church Saint-Remi and Château Adt).
This period is also marked by the Battle of Spicheren, on August 6th 1870 and its consequences since Forbach will be annexed to the Germany until in 1918.
After 1918, Forbach finds its frontier function but sees decreasing its military importance because of the construction of the Ligne Maginot. The city must struggle under the weight of the consequences of the war and the world economic crisis and the rise of the dangers extremists.
Famous men enamelled the history of the city. Thus, it is of Forbach that the ancestors left the General and President Eisenhower. Before embarking for the America in 1741, the grandfather was born in Verrerie Sophie where his/her father worked whose name was still written Eisenhauer.
The city is committed today in a difficult combat marked by the major economic crisis and the necessary reconversion.
Armorial bearings
The city carries money to the sand lion, armed and lampassé of mouths
Toponymy
Furpac (X century), Forbacum (1015), Forsbas (1147), Forperch (1277), Furpage (1278), Forbach (1288), Fourpach - Forpach - Forpac - Fourpac (1291), Furpach (1297), Forbacleum (1338), Fourpac (1348), Forpac (1350), Furpach - Furbach (1399), Forstpach (1429), Fortbach - Fyrtbach - Fourbach (1645).
Administration
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Chief town of district
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7 cantons compose the Arrondissement of Forbach
Chief town of a canton of which it is the only commune, Forbach has a characteristic: part of its territory, not urbanized and uninhabited, is attached to the Canton of Stiring-Wendel.
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Forbach : City canton
- Siège of the Community of agglomeration of Forbach Carries France
- Population: 22807 old inhabitants including 32,44% of less than 25 years.
- Surface of the City: 1680 ha and 78 have of which forest field: 230 ha/Green areas and parks: 45 ha
- Economy: 818 companies are established in Forbach (recorded to the CCI of the Moselle, figures of 2002)
- 434 trade
- 115 industries
- 269 services
- * List mayors or comparable since 1789
Demography
Like all the north of the the Moselle, Forbach owes its development with the industrialization of the area. Its development was also supported by the proximity of Saarbrucken, big city German with which it forms only one agglomeration. It is undoubtedly this proximity which allowed Forbach, during the Années 1970 and 1980, to see its population progressing when all the close cities were declining, because of the fast disindustrialization of the area. However, in the Years 1990, Forbach in its turn saw its population strongly decreasing, losing approximately 15% of its population between 1990 and 1999.
Economy
- Coal-chemical industry;
- Mechanical engineering;
- Glassmaking;
- Antenna of the Chamber of commerce and industry of the Moselle.
The mayor Charles Stirnweiss signed in 2003, in the name of the city, the countryside “500 cities engage for an equitable trade” of association Max Havelaar.
Personalities related to the commune
- Laurent Kalinowski, general adviser;
- Julien Choffart, athlete;
- Sophie Huber (1985 -), champion of swimming;
- Patricia Kaas (1966 -), singer;
- Celine Géraud (1968), old judokate French become TV host.
- Roger Bichelberger (1938 -), writer;
- max Besler (1863 - 1914), historian of the city;
- Pierre Adt (1820 - 1900), head of undertaking, mayor of Forbach (1865 - 1871);
- Jean-Nicolas Houchard (1740 - 1793), general;
- Johan-Peter Eisenhauer (1722 - 1802), back-back-large-father of the general Eisenhower, President of the United States;
- Nicolas Appert (1749 - 1841), inventor of appertized preserve in 1795. Officer of mouth of the princess of Forbach of 1775 with 1784;
- Johann Fischart (1546 - 1591), writer according to “Amtmann” (Baillif) with Forbach of 1583 to its death.
Places and monuments
- the Schlossberg (with its tower, its room of the knights, its park strewn with vestiges, its rosery and its gourmet restaurant);
- the vault Holy-Cross, historic building dating from the 13th century
- the church Saint-Remi built in 1866.
Twinning
See too
- US Forbach
- Communes of the Moselle
- the Rivière Rosselle
- the local chain TV8 Moselle-Is
External bonds
- Site of the town of Forbach
- Forbach on the site of Quid
- Localization of Forbach on a chart of France and communes bordering
- Plane on Forbach on Mapquest
Publications
Publications of the Circle of the Local History and its Memory " Furbacher"
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