Football and television - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

The relationship between the Football and the Télévision was often surging. They appear more alleviated definitely today, because the television channels agree from now on to break their moneyboxes to treat to the “spectacle” of football. This phenomenon is old only twenty years, and since then, the climbing of the budgets is impressive; nothing, or almost, two decades ago, against several billion euros now injected each season in football.

Chronology

1900-1945

1900 : Creation of the word “television” at the time of the World Fair of Paris.
1927 : The French Ernest Chamond prophesies that football will be in the long term the largest televised spectacle. Chamond very regularly accomplishes voyages to London where it attends many matches of Football of which it one is impassioned. In this year 1927, it meets the Baird British who experienced his first television sets then. Ernest Chamond will play a decisive part in France during the Thirties for the development of television.
1932 : Continuation in particular with work of the Baird British and Zworykine, Russian emigrant in the USA, television becomes a reality.
1932 : First experimental tests of regular programs in France: Paris-Television. One hour of program per week for a park estimated at about thirty stations only.
November 1932: Launching of the Championship of professional football in France. Stammering television is not part, but the press, the cinema news and the radio ensure the mediatization of it.
1935 : First experimental tests of regular television programs in Lyon: Radio-Lyon.
March 22nd 1935: Beginnings of the regular programmes of television in Germany (with Berlin only).
1936 : First television network Frenchwoman: Paris-television.
1936 : One considers the park world at 2.000 receiving sets of television, all more or less experimental.
November 15th 1936: First retransmission of one football game on television German: Germany - Italy. This retransmission on line turns to the fiasco with the breakdowns to repetition of the electronic cameras… Already at the time of the OJ of Berlin of the more or less chaotic diffusions had taken place in Germany.
September 16th 1937: First retransmission of one football game on television British: the BBC diffuses a match of drive between Arsenal and its reserve. Arsenal is selected because of the proximity with the studios of television of the Alexandra Palace. For the comparison, one will note that it is necessary to await the May 17th 1939 to see the first match of baseball (a university match between Princeton and Columbia) diffused by American television.
April 30th 1938: First retransmission of the finale of the English F Challenge Cup in integrality and on line on BBC. One estimates at 10.000 the number of the televiewers, for 93.497 spectators with Wembley.
September 1st 1939: The BBC puts an end to its programs, right in the middle of an emission (cartoon of Mickey Mouse), because of the declaration of war.
October 1st 1944: Resumption of the television programs after the Release of Paris. The emissions are diffused since the Studios of Cognacq-Jay.
1945 : After repairs following the sabotages operated by the Germans, the television programs begin again via the transmitter of the Eiffel Tower.

1946-1982

June 7th 1946 London: resumption of the television programs of the BBC.
1947 : Revival of the French television which proposes from now on on average two hours of programs per day via the Eiffel Tower.
1950 : Sunderland proposes the prohibition of the diffusion of matches on line on television, competition with the multitudes obliges. The BBC is satisfied to propose educational programs related to football with referees and trainers commenting on rules of the game, technique and tactic.
February 12th 1950: Foundation of the EBU/UER (European Broadcasting Union/European Union of Radio-television) by 23 European countries and of North Africa.
April 25th 1950: Lille is the first provincial town equipped with a transmitting station of television. One mainly estimates the park at only 3.500 television sets in Île-de-France; the diffusions via the Eiffel Tower plus some relay stations cover hardly 10% of the national territory.
1950 : Very bad press coverage in France of the fourth World cup. The jet lag with the Brazil and the refusal of France, fished out, to dispute this first world post-war period, mainly explain this French, tele media lifelessness included.
September 24th 1950: In spite of the savage opposition of the Dutch clubs with respect to the televised retransmissions, a match of PSV Eindhoven is diffused. The bond between the company Philips and the PSV explains this first Dutchwoman.
January 1st 1951: The park is estimated at 10.000 television sets in France.
May 3rd 1952: For the first time since 1938, pause related to the war put aside, the final of the F Challenge Cup is not retransmise on line by British television. The clubs in string could not agree with the BBC and the cameras remain apart from the stage…

May 4th 1952: First retransmission of a final of Coupe de France in integrality, but remotely. OGC Nice beats the Girondins of Bordeaux 5-3. The park is then estimated at 40.000 television sets in France.
December 24th 1952: Revival of German television with the launching of the first chain proposing three hours of programs per day.
January 1st 1953: The park is estimated at 60.000 television sets in France.
May 23rd 1954: First retransmission on line of a final of Coupe de France. OGC Nice beats the Olympique of Marseilles, 2-1. The park is then estimated at 140.000 television sets in France.
June 3rd 1954: Beginning of the emission “Domenica Sportiva” on the SPOKE following the signature of an agreement between the national chain and the authorities of Calcio. This date also marks the great beginnings of the SPOKE. Thus, the very same day of its inauguration, the SPOKE puts football at the honor.
June 6th 1954: Foundation by eight country (Belgium, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Holland, Germany, Swiss, Italy and France) of the Eurovision.
June 16th with the July 4th 1954: Diffusion in France via Eurovision of 9 matches on line of the Swiss World cup 1954 disputing in . The success of these retransmissions is total and awakes televiewers hitherto a41dernier $c-b1, e,10 $c-b26 ce $c-b16 $c-b43, bn,84 resigned not to see much football on their small screen. Indeed, French television does not drip frankly the joys of the round ball while the federal authorities slow down the arrival of the televised matches, competition with the receipts counters obliges.
June 16th 1954: First retransmission of a match of the team of France of football on line in France: France-Yugoslavia in World cup 1954.
June 24th 1954: First retransmission of a football game on line in Italy: the Italy beats the Egypt 5-1. Italy benefits here from the Eurovision just like the whole of the other Member States.
December 4th 1954: First large fachery enters the authorities of French football and French television… The federation blocks the retransmissions; tele counterpart by not giving more the results of foot…
1955: Until there rather miserly in football, the BBC proposes from now on summaries of the matches of championship.
1956 : The English clubs push back an offer of ITV to height of 40.000 £ for retransmettre on line the second period of 35 matches per season.
October 26th 1956: Launching of television in Spain.
December 29th 1956: First retransmission of a match of the Championship of France on line. It is the meeting Stade of Rheims - FC Metz. ORTF pay with the Stage of Rheims the difference between the receipt of the day and the average of the receipts of the club. A perfect example of the so expensive philosophy of the “compensation” for the ORTF… This first remainder without continuations. The park is then estimated at 700.000 television sets in France.
May 30th 1957: First retransmission of a football game on line in Spain: Real Madrid - Fiorentina.
June 1957: The three year old contract which authorized the SPOKE to be diffused in evening of the extracts of matches comes to a end. The authorities of Italian football claim 100 million per annum, whereas the SPOKE proposes only 30 of them… It is the crisis and Calcio closes its stages with the cameras of TV and even with the retransmissions radios.
September 1957: Matt Busby, trainer of Manchester United, claims for its players the same regards that the movie stars have: “The footballers must be paid on their value. No the remuneration, not of television. ”

June 24th 1958: Retransmission on line by the tele Frenchwoman of the semi-final of the World cup, France - Brazil. One estimates at 8 million the number of French who attended this meeting. One keeps in memory the assemblies in front of the stores of television sets per hour of the match… Since 1954, the salesmen of television sets do not hesitate besides to play thoroughly the chart of football to place new receivers in villages or at private individuals. The park is then estimated at 1.000.000 television sets in France. To note that world Swedish is the first World cup diffused in Mondiovision, i.e. on the whole of planet. The OJ of Tokyo (1964) will benefit six years later from this innovation.
February 1959: First diffusion of Clasico Real Madrid - FC Barcelona by Spanish television. On this occasion, Spanish television opens relays with Barcelona and Saragossa. Valence will be covered in February 1960, Bilbao in December 1960.
November 12th 1959: Crisis in France between football and TV following the diffusion on the French single chain of the match Hungary - Germany. The FF which had not given its green light to this diffusion blocks from now on all diffusions! The park is then estimated at 1.500.000 television sets in France. Via the relays, 50% of the national territory from now on are covered. The French single chain diffuses on average 6 to 7 hours of programs per day.
1960 : League English signs a contract for the diffusion on line of 26 matches of championship on line per season for 47.000 £. The second period of only one match is finally diffused (Blackpool - Bolton), because the clubs block this agreement signed without their opinion. It will be necessary to wait 23 years to re-examine an image of the English championship on line on TV British…
March 2nd 1960: Eurovision obliges, the French single chain diffuses the return match of the Cut of Europe of the Clubs Champions: Real Madrid - OGC Nice. The park is then estimated at 2.100.000 television sets in France. This match is the first retransmission of Eurovision coming from Spain.
March 13rd 1960: Diffusion in France of the match Spain - Italy. French television advances one hour the diffusion of this differed, causing the anger of the FF. Many matches of the French championships indeed recorded poor multitudes with this same schedule…
March 16th 1960: Diffusion in France of the match France - Chile is déprogrammée at the last time following an injunction of the FF.
March 27th 1960: The French single chain diffuses the second period of the match remote Austria-France at 6 p.m. This bastard solution displeases with the ORTF; the televiewers already knowing the result by the radio, they are very few to follow the retransmission.
April 3rd 1960: Georges Lighter, the voice of the sport to the radio of the Thirties to 50 and editor association of the rtf, is named conciliator in the conflict which opposes the TV and the FF.
February 4th 1961: “Secret” agreements between the French television and the FF which put an end to a fourteen months crisis. In fact the authorities of French football authorize the retransmissions with the dropper here… a second half-time, a summary there. Seldom a complete match and on line. The tele Frenchwoman is upset and more than ever is then touched by an anti-foot wave; the results are not given any more and one particularly stresses the defeats… The French football which is then radiant by its excellent results in national team and clubs will enter the disastrous tunnel of the Sixties… The tele participle (very) actively with this descent in flame of French football. Rugby with XV, Athletics and even Handball benefits from it to have a better exposure on television than the Football. The park is then estimated at 2.600.000 television sets in France.
May 30th/June 17th 1962: World cup with the Chile obliges, the EBU/UER operates for the first time of its history out of Europe allowing the diffusion of several matches in Europe.
May 16th 1963: Beginning of the experimental emissions of the transmitter of second channel colors (Eiffel Tower).
December 21st 1963: Launching of the French tele second channel… in black and white. No television set marketed until there is indeed able to receive images colors.
August 22nd 1964: Beginning of the British emission “Match off the day” which proposes a summary of the match high-speed motorboat of the day of championship. The first match, Liverpool FC - Arsenal FC, does not profit that from a poor audience (75.000) because of the diffusion on BBC2, then not very accessible.

February 12th 1965: In the search of financings, the authorities of French football open from now on its stages with the cameras for matches of championship and cut on line. Two matches per month are diffused on line including 4 matches of championship of D1. Meetings of championship of D1: Olympic Nimes - FC Nantes (February 20th), Stage of Rennes - FC Nantes, RC Lens - Of Gironde of Bordeaux and Of Gironde of Bordeaux - Stage of Rennes. Three matches of Coupe de France, whose finale, are also concerned with the agreement. One will note the amount of 50.000 F of compensation by match for the receiving club. This amount is not negligible for the time, but not sufficient to satisfy the clubs and the supporters (shifted match obliges). Rennes thus refuses to inaugurate this contract while receiving Valencian; Nimes accepts. The park is then estimated at 6.700.000 television sets in France.
1965 : Beginnings on the British chain of TV ITV of the emission “Big Match” which proposes Sunday afternoon of the summaries of the day of championship disputed the day before.
1965 - 1966: Four matches of championship of D1 are diffused on line by the ORTF: Sedan - Bordeaux, Sochaux - Nantes, Angers - French Valencians and Stage - Sochaux
11/July 30th 1966: Ten matches of the English World Cup are diffused on line by French television. About fifteen other meetings are entitled to one differed.
1967 : League English pushes back the gold bridge of the BBC: 781.000 £ for 35 matches on line…
1967: Hostile with all retransmissions in the United Kingdom, League English accepts on the other hand, and against payments of right solids, the diffusion of matches of the championship of England far from the United Kingdom. In Australia, the weekly English match thus carries out the best audiences all programs confused (1,5 million televiewers on average) with four days a meeting however old! It should be noted that an Italian match is also diffused each week in Australia for rates of audiences only beaten by the English match! Australian TV (4 chains: 1 public and 3 private) devotes 12 hours per week to football! Who had believed it…
October 1st 1967: Launching of the color on the French tele second channel. One estimates the park of television sets colors at only 1.500 units compared with 9.000.000 of stations black and white in France.
October 1967: The poor audience of the match France - Belgium (27,9% of share of audience against 61,7% with the serial of the chain of opposite) could be interpreted like a mark of disinterest of the public. It is especially the symbol of the engineering problems which ORTF encounters. Lugubrious images and deformations, hazardous comments, the tele Frenchwoman is not frankly a good ambassador of the foot… One regrets the catches of sight “to English” of the World Cup 1966. One speaks then about “stages to English”, but also about “realization to English”. In fact, it will be necessary to await the beginning of the year 1980 to see in France a realization worthy of this name at the time of a football game…
1967 - 1968: Two matches of championship of D1 are diffused on line by the ORTF: Red Star - Nantes and Sedan - Marseilles.
1968 - 1969: Seven matches of championship of D1 are diffused on line by the ORTF: AC Ajaccio - Sedan, Lyon - St-Etienne, Rouen - Nantes, Nancy - Rheims, Sedan - Metz, Bordeaux - St-Etienne and Angers - Angouleme.
November 10th 1968: The match Red Star - St-Etienne is déprogrammé at the last minute by the ORTF. The clubs can from now on raise publicity on their shirt, but this innovation displeases on TV which refuses to diffuse meetings of sandwich man… The park is then estimated at 10.100.000 television sets in France. To note that French television also opens its antenna with publicity in this year 1968. Some fear the advertizing overdose and track famous “clandestine” publicity almost maladivement. Let us announce that the shirts pose problem whereas the billboards girdling the stages since the XIXe century are allowed.
March 6th 1969: Agreement between the FF and the ORTF under the high ranking authority of the ministry for information fixing diffusions of football games. The French televiewers will be able to see 15 second periods of matches of remote D1, 5 matches of Coupe de France, and the finale of the championship of CFA, in particular.
1969 - 1970: Following “the Vittel business”, the LNF is forced to return to the clubs pros the right to treat with the ORTF. The League wanted to impose on all its clubs a sponsor single shirt: Vittel. Bordeaux, vine growing obliges, refused and pushed the LNF to re-examine its copy as regards rights TV. The clubs are from now on free to negotiate with the ORTF, but with a minimum price of 120.000 F for a match of Division 1.
November 8th 1969: Diffusion on line by the ORTF of the match of championship of D1 Lyon - Rennes in front of… 894 spectators. It is the death warrant of the retransmissions on line matches of championship.
November 12th 1969: In violation of the international agreements and against the opinion of the FF, the ORTF diffuses on line the match of Cut of Europe Legia Warsaw - ACE Saint-Etienne. Following this incident and with the catastrophic figure of multitude recorded four days earlier, the relationship between the ORTF and the FF are contracted. The park is then estimated at 10.800.000 television sets in France.
1969: F English accepts against 120.000 £ the diffusion of the 6 matches of the British tournament on line. The fall of the multitudes of more than one third compared to the back issue which was not retransmise pushes F not to renew the operation.
May 31st/June 17th 1970: In spite of the absence of France, the tele Frenchwoman diffuses 20 of the 32 matches of the World cup (12 on line, 8 remotely).
September 29th 1970: Marcel Leclerc, president of the OM, refuses with the ORTF the right to diffuse the match of Cut of OM-Trnava Europe. The business takes a bad turning when Michel Drucker attack on the president of the OM… For once (sic), the OM of Leclerc will receive on this case the entirety support of the FF. On the other hand, the relations football-TV are in France at the died point, as in the rest of the world besides.
December 31st 1972: Launching of a third television channel in France (colors). Inevitably, it will be necessary however to wait several years before receiving this chain on the whole of the national territory.
June 13rd/July 7th 1974: In spite of the absence of France, the tele Frenchwoman diffuses 24 of the 38 matches of the World cup (17 on line, 7 remotely). The park is then estimated at 14.500.000 television sets in France.
Years 1970: In France, the debate becomes surging when the media call upon the right to information not to discharge rights of diffusion of extracts and summaries of matches. French football indeed closed its stages with the cameras because of the competition made with the multitudes. The Sixties were catastrophic whereas the televised matches multiplied. A kind of blackout football is then instituted in order to avoid transforming the foot into “sport of living room”, as it was the case in Hungary, in particular. The retransmissions are limited then to the finales of Coupe de France, the matches of the Team of France and some meetings of Cut of Europe. The final of F Cup, diffused each year on line by French television, is thus sacrificed…

May 31st 1975: Diffusion on line on the French TV of the finale of the first female championship of France. A few days earlier, a semi-final had already known the honors of direct the TV. Alas for the French female football which had a very beautiful chart to play on the national scene and international, this experiment of foot female to the TV remains without continuations. It will be necessary to await a quarter century to re-examine a female football game on line on TV French.
January 1st 1976: Diffused since always in black and white, ancestral first chain, renamed recently TF1, passes to the color.
May 1976: At the time of the participation of the ACE Saint-Etienne in the finale of the Cut of Europe of the Clubs Champions vis-a-vis the Bayern Munich, the French TV, at the image of the country, puts itself frankly at the “Green”. It is the height of vague green which awakes France of football. Everyone becomes aware that football is the only sport able to cause of such popular movements in France. Measurements of audience are very random at the time, but it is clear that this match constitutes one of all the best of all times in France.

September 1976: The League proposes in Antenne 2 to yield to him free the images of the summaries of matches against the creation of a weekly magazine. Sadoul and Darmon want surfer on the vague green one and to reconcile with the passage TV and football, in cold since the massive introduction of publicity around the stages and on the shirts. With the general surprise, Antenne 2 refuses! Robert Chapatte and Roger Couderc pushed back these proposals, specifying even that an emission which would propose goals of football would not interest anybody… Chapatte (cycling) and Couderc (Rugby) defend in fact their small vaults…
September 16th 1977: Creation of “Téléfoot” presented by Pierre Cangioni on TF1 which spends 450.000 F the first season.
June 1st/June 25th 1978: Argentinian World cup in . On 38 played matches, 22 are diffused on line and 8 remote in France.
1978 Very content with the results recorded by Téléfoot, TF1 renews the contract with the League for 14 month against 1,5 franc million.
1978/1979: “Snatch off the day” of ITV. Jealous of the audiences of the BBC Saturday evening during the diffusion of the emission “Match off the day”, ITV triples in May 1978 the offer of the BBC… An agreement is finally found in 1979 between the BBC, ITV and League Football: the two chains will diffuse the magazine so much desired a week on two! It is a four year old contract.
1979 : Charmed results recorded by Téléfoot, TF1 renews the contract with the League for three seasons against 3 franc million per annum. The principle of publicity on the shirts is now completely admitted by the televiewers and the persons in charge of chains.
June 14th/July 11th 1982: World cup in Spain. On 52 played matches, 42 are diffused on line and 5 remote in France.
July 8th 1982 Even if measurements of audience still remain very random, one can all the same announce to it (very) large audience in France at the time of the France-Germany match at the time of the World cup 1982. Separated football on TV, the French televiewers weigh from now on of all their weight; the situation is condemned to develop the more so as the old guard of the ORTF leaves room to new less hostile heads to pay the spectacle football at its fair price. The philosophy of the compensation finally tends to disappear in France… The park is then estimated at 21.500.000 television sets in France.
July 11th 1982: Record of audience of the Italian TV at the time of the final of the World cup 1982, Italy-Germany: 31,5 million Italians is in front of their stations!

1983-1998

September 29th 1983: Last French example of the philosophy of the “compensation” with the cut-price selling operated by the president Francis Borelli for the diffusion for the match for Cut for Europe PSG - Lokomotiv Sofia. Borelli accepts 50.000 F of TF1, but the League intervenes and fixes As an indication the amount of the rights of this part with 150.000 F., specify that the receipt with the counters rose this evening there with 4.700.000 F. Laval-Austria will be invoiced 295.000 F the following days. With the image of Claude Bez, inflexible on this point, even if it means to cut the beam of direct the ten seconds before the beginning of the match, the clubs take hair of the animal vis-a-vis French televisions which seek to maintain with the floor the rebroadcast rights…
October 2nd 1983: First match of championship of England diffused on line on a British television since 23 years: Tottenham Hotspur - Nottingham Forest. This diffusion makes following an agreement valid for two seasons with height of 4,6 million Books plus 300.000 Books of compensation for the receiving club envisaging the diffusion of 5 matches per season on line on the BBC Friday evening and 5 matches per season on line on ITV Sunday afternoon. ITV and the BBC haggled to renew off the contract concerning the emission of Saturday evening “match the day” and pushed League Football with the signature of this agreement.
1984 : In the tread of the championship of Europe of the Nations, agreement with the television channels under the aegis of the High-Authority (ancestor of SCUMS). Consequence of these agreements, TF1 puts the hand on football with “TV-Foot”, “Multi-Foot”, the transfer of Thierry Roland - Jean-Michel Larqué of Antenne 2 to TF1, and a tender offer on the matches of the team of France. TF1 is posted clearly as “the” chain of football. Canal+, which launches its programs the November 4th 1984, obtains an excellent agreement indexed on the number of subscribers to the encrypted chain. Presented at the origin as “the” chain of the cinema, Canal+ is moulted quickly chains foot and movies of it on the advised councils of Bernard Brochand.

November 9th 1984: First match diffused on Channel +, five days after its beginnings: Nantes - Monaco. A match of each day of championship from now on is diffused on the encrypted chain. It is always the case today (two matches on line of each day in fact are diffused today on Canal+). Channel pours 250.000 F for 200.000 subscribers per match. The amount is indexed on the number of subscribers; the more Canal has subscribers, the more the matches are expensive.
1985 : The presidents of the English clubs refuse the agreement suggested by the BBC and ITV with League Football. The TVS propose 19 million Books, but the clubs want much more… The TVS do not yield and for the first time for three decades, the English season has not been covered by television!
Mars 1985: Canal+ diffuses in light the Bordeaux-Dniepr match. It is an outcry at the competitors, but the subscriptions take off (finally!) after the first six months very hard.
April 1985: TF1 spends 2 franc million to diffuse the match Bordeaux-Juventus, semi-final return of the Cut of Europe of the Clubs Champions.
May 31st/June 29th 1986: World cup with the Mexico. In order to satisfy European televisions, the matches are disputed at midday and at the beginning of after midday in order to allowing diffusions time takes precedence some over the old continent, jet lag obliges. Diffusion in 166 countries. For the first time, all the matches are diffused in France: 39 direct and 13 differed.
1986 : Very included/understood, television poured with French football approximately 65 franc million during the year 1986 in rights of diffusion. The sums become very high and benefitting from competition between the chains following privatization of TF1 and with the emergence of Canal+, the League and the FF can from now on do without the arbitration of the ex-High-Authority of audio-visual and fix themselves the rules prevailing for the acquisition of the rights. It is the death of the age of the compensation and the entry concerned for a practice which will make soon the fortune of football: the invitation to tender.
April 22nd 1987: Five pay more than 4 franc million to diffuse the Bordeaux-Leipzig match.
April 18th 1987: The president of the League makes the advertisement of it before the Federal council joins together in Le Havre: more than 200 franc million will return in the cases of French football at the time of season 87-88 following the new agreements signed with the various diffusers. Canal+ counts it is true more than 1,8 million subscribers and will have from now on to pay between 2 and 3 million for each maths of diffused championship. TF1 spends 1 franc million for each number of the weekly magazine “TV-Foot” (five year old contract). The course of the international match is fixed at 6 or 7 million for TF1 or the 5, new arrival. The price of the finale of the Coupe de France flies away while passing from 800.000 to 7 franc million. On 200 garnered MF, 36 are for the FF and 164 for the League which redistributes with its clubs at a rate of 5 MF for the season for a club of D1, 1,3 MF in D2.
May 1988: In order to counter an offer of an operator of satellite television, ITV obtains a four season old contract with League Football English for a few 52 million Books, that is to say approximately 120 franc million per season.
June 9th/July 8th 1990: World cup in Italy. The tele rights rise to approximately 390 franc million on a world level.
1990 : Launching on Canal+ of the emission “the Team of Sunday” presented by Pierre Sled. Diffused of second part of evening, the EDD present of the summaries of the matches of the foreign championships. This program which exists still today, has an significant impact on the world of the French football which is let take with the trap summaries of match… These foreign championships which one does not see that extracts obviously always advantageous are clearly surcotés, and this shift harms the French foot which sees its stagnated domestic multitudes. With the Team of Sunday, the grass seems really to be greener elsewhere…

1990 : Last nines of the forty best audiences of the French TV are on line diffused football games this year.
1990 : Estimated in 1980 at less than 1% in the budget of the French professional football clubs, the rights TV weigh from now on 23%. The park is then estimated at 31.000.000 television sets in France.
June 1991: In order to stimulate competition in championship of France, leading product of the chain, Canal+ take again Paris Saint-Germain. The OM of Bernard Tapie truste indeed the national titles and the interest for the championship could suffer from it…

May 1992: Sky removes a four season old contract for the diffusion of English Premiership to height of 304 million Books, that is to say approximately 750 franc million per season. In order to develop their elite, the English indeed form Premiership with the image of the Scot or leagues amateurs British.
June 1992: Euro 1992 in Sweden. The rights of diffusions TV reach 540 franc million on a world level.
June 1993: By fear of the reactions of its subscribers of Province, Canal+ refuses the championship of France for the PSG, 2nd behind the displaced OM. Canal+ even threatens to withdraw football completely if the title 1993 were allotted to the PSG… FF and LNF lie down. Who spoke about conflict of interests…
June 18th/July 17th 1994: World cup with the the United States. One considers the audience total world at 32 billion individuals. The tele rights rise to approximately 460 franc million on a world level. The FIFA very badly sold its rights and she inherits a hateful reputation bradeuse… She rectifies the shooting by reconsidering the marketing of the World cup completely.
1995 : Sky removes a five season old contract with League Football English (D2 equivalent in D4) for a few 125 million Books, that is to say approximately 220 franc million per season.
June 1996: Renewal of the contract with SKY concerning English Premiership. It is a gold bridge for four seasons with height of a few 670 Livres million, that is to say more than 1,5 billion francs per season!
June 1996: Euro 1996 in England. The rights of diffusions TV reach 650 franc million on a world level.
3 July 1996: The FIFA allots to the German group Kirch the world rights on the World cups 2002 and 2006 per 12 billion francs.
September 3rd 1996: Diffusion of the first day of championship of France in mode “pay per view” by a subsidiary company of Canal+. Since this date, all the matches of championship of France of D1 are diffused on line by French television. Certain matches of D2 benefit a time from this possibility; it is not true any more today. The anteroom of the elite must be satisfied with the diffusion of only one match on line per day on Eurosport France. It is still the case today (two matches). To note that the championships amateurs and female are completely ignored by French televisions. On this level, there are a Net retreat compared to the Sixties and Seventies, opened with CFA and the female ones. Against all waitings, the stages are not emptied but know on the contrary a strong push of the multitudes… The old fear of the “sport of living room” is not checked. There is in fact a snowball effect between a popular sport and the hypermediatisation.
June-July 1998: Major strategic error for the French chain M6 which plays the chart of the 0% football during the World cup… Since this bitter failure, M6, the small chain which stagnates, oar to join the clan of the chains proposing football regularly…
June 23rd 1998: At the time of a match of the World cup opposing Brazil and Norway, a media storm rises against the referee of the meeting which granted a penalty giving the victory to Norwegian to the 86e minute. 17 television cameras indeed do not show any contact between the two players… And discusses it on the video arbitration is started again. The American referee is trailed in mud during 48 hours while the FIFA is made deal with all the names because she refuses any evolution concerning the video arbitration. Two days after the match, a Swedish television makes public the images taken by one of its cameras private… and they show clearly that the Brazilian player catches by the shirt the Norwegian player: there was penalty well! 17 cameras had not seen it, but the referee had all considering. It is almost an academic case which all the more has repercussion that it is held at the time of the World cup. The debate on the video arbitration then does not relate to large any more world of serious… for a few years.
July 12th 1998: Finale of the World cup at the Stade de France. The match sets ablaze obviously whole France, and them audiences TV are high: 25 million on average, including 20,6 on TF1. It is the absolute records of the tele Frenchwoman since the studies of audience are operational in France. At the time of this match, the One garners a receipt record of more than 60MF; the 30 second old spot of publicity reaches the cost record of 1,5 MF. It is estimated that 22 million British, 27 million Germans and 10 million Americans in particular saw this final on line for a world total figure of 1,7 billion televiewers. It is the best world televised audience of all times. The world total audience of 40 billion individuals for the whole of the competition also marks world records. The tele rights rise to approximately 860 franc million.

1999-2006

2000 : ITV which launches a bouquet of digital television, ITV-DIGITAL, removes a contract with Football League (D2 equivalent in D4).
2000 : 1% in 1980,23% in 1990; the incomes TV cover from now on 50% of the budgets of the French professional clubs. Billetery, merchandizing and publicity generate the 50% remainders.
1999 - 2000: Average audiences of the principal emissions devoted to French football: Foot TV (TF1) 2,7 million, Day of Foot (C+) 933.000 and D2Max 118.500.
2000 - 2001: The cabled chain TV Breizh retransmet on line several match of the Brest-native Stage (D3).
June 2000: Euro 2000 with the Netherlands and Belgium. The rights of diffusions TV reach 770 franc million on a world level. 20.279.040 of French (on average) follow the final vis-a-vis Italy against 21,3 million Italians. 18,4 million Germans, 14,9 million British and 7,1 million Dutchman are also in front of their stations of TV at the time of this final.
October 18th 2001: ITV and BBC will diffuse finally the next world one in the United Kingdom. The agreement with Kirch culminates with nearly 1 billion 700 million francs (257 M€)!
November 25th 2001 After Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain, France agrees with Kirch to diffuse the matches of the next World cup. It is finally TF1 which obtains this contract estimated at 1,1 billion francs! For 168 million Euros, TF1 acquires of all the matches of the edition 2002 and half of those of the edition 2006, of which matches of the team of France, the final and semi-finals.
March 27th 2002: ITV-DIGITAL files for bankruptcy… The clubs of Football League (D2 equivalent in D4) are found without resources TV which enter, in many budgets to a total value of 50%, even 80%! Many clubs are constrained to sell their stage in order to be maintained with flood…
April 8th 2002: The German group Kirch files for bankruptcy… This giant of the media controlled in particular the world rights on the World cups 2002 and 2006, or those of Bundesliga. The FIFA will easily find another intermediary for its German world cup; on the other hand, the German clubs are found without resources TV… If the large clubs should pass this course drastiquement by reducing their expenditure, “the small” clubs could disappear… The German government, with the image of its Italian counterpart, however announced that it would help the clubs to continue their activities.
June 2002: TF1 diffuses of French exclusiveness the World cup 2002. On a world level, the test generates 41.100 hours of programs (+38% compared to 1998) for 213 countries. World total audience of 29 billion televiewers in severe fall, jet lag with Europe and AmSud obliges (40 billion in 1998). The final is followed by 1,1 billion individuals in the world (2nd better world audience of all times), including 27 million in Germany. In spite of the jet lag, TF1 carries out audiences records: France-Denmark thus gathers 9,3 million televiewers to 8:30 of the morning, that is to say more than 90% of market share!
August 5th 2002: Signature of a four years agreement between Football League (D2 equivalent in D4) and SKY with height of 95M£ for the diffusion of 60 matches per season, including 50 of D1 (D2 equivalent).
August 2002: First League English lance an invitation to tender for the diffusion of Premiership over the period 2004-2007.
August 20th 2002: At the request of “the small” clubs of Series has and B Italian, the opening of the championships is deferred two weeks! “The small” clubs indeed did not sign an agreement with the TV for retransmettre their matches, thus, not less than 8 clubs of Series has are found without receipts TV. Contrary to the English or the French, the Italian clubs treat their rights TV individually. With such a system, blocking is inevitable… “The large” clubs and the chains of TV re-examine their copy in order to make it possible the championship to begin…
May 14th 2002: The French League launches an invitation to tender for the rights of the championships of France over the period 2004-2007.
November 15th 2002: Attribution of the rights for the championship of France (2004-2007). Canal+ makes control on D1 by proposing a high offer (480M euros per annum), but also its anteriority. All the matches are concerned with encrypted diffusions (3 matches per day) or in pay-per-view (the 7 other matches of the day; 6 in the event of return to 18 clubs). TF1 collects crumbs (Tele Foot), while France Television preserves the Cut of the League. With the general surprise, the financial amounts concerned (530M euros per annum) are in rise of 40% compared to the preceding contract (380M euros per annum)! Some indeed announced a stagnation and even a regression… TF1 does not admit this defeat and counter-attacks. A mediation is set up; an agreement is inevitable.
November 16th 2002: After 27 years of waiting, female football is entitled to the honors of direct on a French television: Canal+. The decisive match for the qualification with the next World cup vis-a-vis in England is diffused. Aimé Jacquet, who had subjected the idea to Canal, ensures the comment.
2002 : According to a study of Eurodata TV, football accounts for 60% of the sporting programs present in the signal 10 all categories in 60 of the 72 studied countries.
January 23rd 2003: The Council of Competition suspends the contract between the League and Canal+ over the period 2004-2007.
April 23rd 2003: In call, the contract between the League and Canal+ are suspended for the season 2004-2005 envisaging a gel of the distribution of the matches and an increase in the charged rights from only 3%. The two other seasons causes some (2005-2007) will be allotted in a future contract. This last will also include/understand the season 2007-2008 and will be put in competition during the second half-year 2004.
August 8th 2003: British bouquet SKY spends 1,024 billion Pounds Sterling (that is to say approximately 510M euros per annum) for the rights of diffusion of English Premiership over the period 2004-2007. The number of the televised matches will pass from 106 to 138, including 40 in pay-per-view. The BBC, with a contract of a few 105 million Pounds Sterling enabling him to diffuse extracts of remote matches, recovers the rights held today by ITV. This will make it possible to off assist with the return of legendary “the Match the Day”. The entire amount of these rights is stable compared to the preceding contract. There still, many which was those forecast a strong fall…
August 12th 2003: BBC and SKY share the rights TV concerning the “big English matches” over the period 2004-2008: national teams, finale of F Cup, finale of League Cup, Community Shield, matches of F Cup.
September 2003: The championships of Italy and Spain are touched by the revolt of the small clubs, penalized by the individualization of the rights TV. One evokes a time the carryforward of the beginning of the competitions, but an agreement is found in extremis … Of all obviousnesses, the principle of collegial distribution of the rights TV practiced in France, the United Kingdom and Germany is much more effective with use. It is, moreover, just. To note that this levelling distribution is also practiced by the great professional federations of US Sports (NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL), logically excluded local contracts.
September 2003: The president of the French League causes the irritation of televisions by considering the creation of a new chain dedicated to football controlled by the League! Moreover, the LFP studies the possibility of a total control of the diffused images!
September 23rd/October 19th 2003 the female World cup is retransmise in 144 countries for a cumulated total audience of 526 million televiewers. 11,4 million Germans and 3,8 million Swede in particular followed the final.
December 16th 2003: The European commission breaks the last attribution of the rights TV of Premiership, constraining SKY to be given up its exclusiveness. The BBC will have the right to diffuse matches on line. The commission states moreover that she recommends the procedures of sales in batches by prohibiting any possibility of exclusiveness for only one chain.
2003 : According to a study of audience of Eurodata TV, football carried out the best audience TV of the year (all confused categories, sport and not-sport) in 13 of the 72 countries studied in spite of the absence of major competitions like the World cup or the Euro.
January 25th 2004: The cabled local chain/satellitte VO' TV retransmet in integrality and recorded moments before the Saint-Leu match - Orly (DH Paris). It is the first time that such a retransmission takes place for a match of D6 level in France.
February 2004: TPS, controlled at 67% by TF1 and 33% by M6, puts the hand for three seasons on English Premiership in France. Until there, it was the Canal+ competitor which had this contract. TPS removes the business against some 30 million euros, that is to say 200% of increase compared to the preceding contract.
May 2004: A study of Eurodata TV gives a report on time average past in front of programs devoted to football in the principal European countries. Studied period: January-April 2004: League of the champions and preparation of the Euro obliges, the Portugal is very definitely at the head of this classification with 12:33 in front of the Italians (5h40), the French (4h16), the Spaniards (3h52) and the Germans (2h15).
May 2004: Boostées by the superb performances of the French clubs out of Cuts of Europe and a palpitating championship, the tele audiences of the football games which had been packed for three seasons in France, sets out again clearly with the rise (approximately +30% overall over the season 2003-2004).

June 2004: Euro 2004 with the Portugal diffused in France by TF1 and France Televisions (F2 and F3). This Euro marks a new explosion of the rights with a total rise of 375% compared to the Euro 2000: the rights of diffusion on a world level exceeds the 557 million Euros, including 69 for France. With the astonishment of much in Europe, chains of TV included, the audiences of this Euro in “premium time” are excellent. Even “the small” posters of end of the afternoon, Sweden - Bulgaria or Latvia - Czech Republic for example, attract between 4 and 5,5 million televiewers in France… Even tendency out of the Hexagon with records of audience which fall everywhere. On the whole of the first turn, the total rise of the audiences is of 26% among five large Europeans (Germany, England, Spain, Italy and France) compared to the Euro 2000. Cassandres which announced the end of honeymoon between the foot and TV in the light of a light erosion of the audiences between 2000 and 2002 are for their expenses… Ernest Chamond had seen just; the Football is well the largest televised spectacle.
August 2004: Reversal with 180° of the authorities which give green light to a single operator TV to acquire the rights of diffusion of the championship of France! The very forthcoming negotiations over the period 2005-2008 promise to reach tops…

December 10th 2004: Canal+ removes the exclusiveness on the Championnat in France of football for a record amount of 600 million Euros per season, that is to say rising in rise of 62% compared to the preceding contract.
January 2nd 2005: Publication of the tele audiences in France for the year 2004. Five football games occupy the first five places of the classification, all confused programs. In signal 10, one finds even six football games (N°9 also).
May 10th 2005: The Belgian professional League announces that it accepts the offer of Belgacom for the purchase of the rights TV of the championship of Belgium over the period 2005-2008. Assembling contract: 36 million Euros, is approximately 150% of increase compared to the preceding contract.
August 13rd 2005: The bouquet TPS lance a chain 100% football: TPS Foot . The programs are limited in fact of 18:00 to midnight in week and 9:00 to midnight saturdays and Sunday.
August 17th 2005: The return of Zinedine Zidane in team of France of football has repercussions in term of tele audience in France. The match France - Ivory Coast thus gathers an average of 9,6 million televiewers; it has been the best audience of TF1 over one August, all programs confused, for eleven years!
August 26th 2005: The first diffusion of a match of D2 English on line on a French chain (TPS Foot): Queens Park Rangers FC - Sheffield Wednesday FC. A few days earlier, a remote match of this championship had been diffused on this same chain.
October 2005: M6 announces that it will diffuse in France the 31 matches of the World cup 2006, left free by TF1. M6 will pay only 27 million Euros for these 31 meetings whereas TF1 spent 168 million for the totality of the World cup 2002 and half of the matches of World cup 2006, of which those of the team of France, the final and the semi-finals.
January 1st 2006: The best tele audience of the year in France, all confused programs, is the France-Cyprus football game, qualifier for the World cup. Another match is with the 8th rank of this classification (Ireland-France). One finds eight matches in Signal 100.

April 6th 2006: Attribution of the rights TV over the period 2006-2010 concerning the team of France and the Coupe de France. TF1 preserves the rights on the Bleus for an amount of 45,35 million euros per annum, that is to say an increase of 60% compared to the preceding contract. A grouping linking France Televisions and Eurosport gains the invitation to tender of the Coupe de France for an amount 14,15 million euros per annum (+27%). The loser of these invitations to tender is M6, candidate for the two batches.
May 8th 2006: Attribution of the rights TV over the period 2007-2010 concerning the championship of England. Six batches were proposed with the British chains, generating 1,7 billion pounds sterling of receipts, either approximately 850 million Euros per season, or a rise of 70% compared to the preceding contract.
June 9th - July 9th 2006: At the time of the Football world cup of 2006 in Germany, the matches are diffused in more than 200 countries. In France, TF1, M6, Canal+ and Eurosport ensure the retransmissions. After the adoption of a new system of encoding by French bouquet TPS, it becomes impossible with the Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algérie and Tunisia) to receive images of world without taking a subscription with the Saoudi bouquet ART, which bought the rights of the World cup 2006 for the worldwide Arab. In order to calm the population, the Algerian government bought 300.000 season tickets to the bouquet ART tandis the local hackers managed to bore the codes of encoding of the French images. Other televiewers reorientated their parabolas towards the Astra satellite in order to collect the images suggested free by the German chains. The France-Italy final is followed on average by 22.143.700 televiewers to France (TF1) against 23.935.000 televiewers in Italy (SPOKE).
January 1st 2007: Publication of the best tele audiences of the year 2006 in France. Last nines of the ten best audiences are carried out by football games (the film Bronzed ski is 9th ex-aequo). Twenty matches appear in Signal 100 of the year.

Statistical data

Right TV of the championship of France of League 1 and Leagues 2 (not included rights sold abroad)

1984-1985: 2 million Euros
1985-1986: 4 million Euros

1998-1999 : 122 million Euros
1999-2000: 243 million Euros
2000-2001: 275 million Euros
2001-2002: 351 million Euros
2002-2003: 362 million Euros
2003-2004: 380 million Euros
2004-2005: 391 million Euros
2005-2006: 550 million Euros
2006-2007: 600 million Euros (430 returns to the clubs of L1; others: clubs of D2 101, tax Dresser 30, LFP 20, FF 12 and UNFP)
2007-2008: 650 million Euros

Right TV of the championship of England of First League (not included rights sold abroad)

1988-1992: 52 million Pounds Sterling per season on average
1992-1996: 76 million Pounds Sterling per season on average
1996-2000: 168 million Pounds Sterling per season on average
2000-2004: 320 million Pounds Sterling per season on average
2004-2007: 341 million Pounds Sterling per season on average
2007-2010: 567 million Pounds Sterling per season on average

Rising of the rights TV of the World cup ¹: China not included. With China, CM 1998 arrives at 40 billion audience and that 2002 to 42,6 billion. The cumulated audience consists in adding the televiewers during all the matches with a final stage of the World cup. Goes down for hearing average for a match of CM 2002: approximately 659 million televiewers.

Better audiences in France

Time of the TV rating (1977-1988) Source: Jean-François Borough, Football business , Paris, Olivier Orban, 1986, p.127

Time of the médiamat (since 1989) Source: Mediametry

¹: The final of the Euro 2000 is sometimes credited with 21,4 million televiewers. It was the first announced figure, but the latter was corrected to 20.279.040. To announce that the giant screens in the open air are not taken into account in these countings.

²: the match was diffused on line by the two chains

As comparison, the program nonrelated on football and the France-England match out of World cup of Rugby to XV having had the best audience since 1989 is the diffused emission of entertainment the Great bluff of Patrick Sebastien the December 26th 1993: 17.350.000 .

Since 2000, it is the last episode of the series Dolmen which recorded the best audience for a nonsporting program: 12.879.360 (2005). In same time, 16 matches of football (4 in 2000,4 in 2004,1 in 2005,7 in 2006 after the World cup 2006) have an audience higher than 13 million televiewers. Five matches of the world cup Rugby to XV exceeded the bar of the 13 million televiewers in 2007 (at October 19th, 2007): France-Argentina of September 7th, 14 million, France-Ireland of September 21st 14,5 million, France-News-Zealand of October 7th 16,6 million, France-England of October 14th 18,3 million, and France-Argentina of October 19th, 13 million.

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