See also: Fontainebleau (homonymy)

---- Fontainebleau is a common French, located in the department of Seine-et-Marne and the area Île-de-France.

Its inhabitants is called the Bellifontains .

Geography

Fontainebleau is located at the south-east of the department. The commune, which extends on 17  205 hectares, is vastest of the area Île-de-France, and is almost entirely covered with a forest which also extends on some communes bordering (25  000 hectares on the whole). This forest is a place of walk for the Parisian ones, but especially its very broken relief and its many rocks make of it a very famous place for the sporting practice of the Escalade. The agglomeration Melun ease is at the northern limit of the forest, and in western north there is Barbizon, a village famous for the many impressionist painters who passed their life there. Various place of the forest are covered with silica (quartz) in a rough state. The many plantations of Résineux carried out by the National office of the forests are criticized by certain which estimate that put at evil the diversity of sound ecosystem, at the origin rather containing Feuillu S.

Demography

Population: 19  000 inhabitants and 37.000 for the agglomeration which includes/understands mainly Avon, “twin” city where in particular the station is. It will be noted that the population of Fontainebleau is stable since the end of 19th century even if that of the agglomeration, and in particular of Avon, increased considerably. One of the characteristics of Fontainebleau is the oversizing of its center town, its animation and its commercial life. Moreover, Fontainebleau shelters the International Collège , recognized for its Anglophone Section, and celebrates it Lycée François Ier , one of best of France. To parody a famous publicity, this small town has the large one very. In addition, Bellifontains constitute an active population and crested; indeed, the nobility and high bourgoisy are established there since centuries.

History

Fountain Beautiful Water or Fontaine Belleau then Fontainebleau finds officially its name in 1169. This hamlet is equipped with an appointment of hunting and a vault by Louis VII. Saint Louis which appreciated much Fontainebleau that it called its “deserts”, made there contruire a house and a Hôpital. Philippe Beautiful the is born to with it in 1268 and dies there in 1314.

On the whole, 34 sovereigns, of Louis VI the Large one in Napoleon III, remained in Fontainebleau during seven centuries.

16th at the 18th century, all the kings, of François Ier in Louis XV, carried out important work there (demolition - rebuilding - enlarging - embellishment) from where character a little " hétérogène" , but nevertheless harmonious, of the architecture of the castle.

October 18th 1685, Louis XIV signs there the Édit of Fontainebleau, more known under the designation of Révocation of the Édit of Nantes , which pushed with the exile of many Protestants.

October 29th 1807, Manual Godoy then chancellor of Spanish king Charles IV and Napoleon sign the Traité of Fontainebleau, which authorizes the passage of the French troops by the Spanish territory in order to invade Portugal.

June 19th 1812, the pope Pie VII arrives at the castle of Fontainebleau ( during its transfer of Savone to Fontainebleau ) accompanied by its doctor the doctor Balthazard Claraz. Sovereign pontiff remained locked up there during the nineteen months which its captivity lasted.

April 18th 1814, Napoleon, shortly after its first abdication bids its farewell with its guard, with famous the grognards, in the court of the White Horse (become since Cour of the Good-byes ), the moment was according to the legend very moving. The Château of Fontainebleau was besides a residence appreciated of the emperor… at the point to have imprisoned there the pope Pie VII between 1812 and 1814.

Fontainebleau accommodated the Staff of the allied forces in Center-Europe (Allied Force Center; AFCENT), forces terrestrial (LANDCENT) and air forces (AIRCENT) of NATO until in 1967. Today, the city accommodates an university of businesses which gives him an international repute: INSEAD, as well as an appendix of the École des Mines of Paris.

Economy

Fontainebleau is a relatively tourist city - 300.000 people visit the castle and approximately 11 million the forest - but does not manage to retain its visitors for stays of short duration. The city shelters also the national museum of the Prisons.

It also attracts a university population, largely foreign, which comes to study, teach and work with INSEAD. The ESIGETEL (University of and genious computer engineers of telecommunications) created into 1986 is also installed there, close to the Port of Valvins. The University Paris XII is also present at Fontainebleau, within the framework of IUT of Fontainebleau, which account two departments of higher education (Business management; Data processing), like the University of Paris VII - Denis Diderot with his station of vegetable biology and forest ecology (experimental station, founded at the end of the XIXe century by the famous botanist Gaston Bonnier).

Except the trade of proximity and leisures and the liberal professions, the economic activity of Fontainebleau is rather restricted. That Ci-could experience a new development according to the success of the reconversions of the important unused barracks which account the city and which offer a possibility of enlarging of urban space unhoped-for a city surrounded by forests.

The commune is served by two Gares ('' Fontainebleau - Avon '' and '' Thomery '') on the line Paris - Montereau/Montargis ().

The horse

Fontainebleau, town of horse and horsemanship, is equipped with prestigious equestrian installations like:

• the Sporting Center of Military Horsemanship (CSEM): installed in the old stables of the castle, this center forms the military riders and horses for the instruction and the competition.

• the Large Parquet floor and the ground of the Salamander (military property): this space accommodates in particular the Great Week of the Breeding or the International Complete Contest of Fontainebleau.
• the hippodrome of the Plate

Administration

Of 1926 with 1988, the city had lost its statute of sub-prefecture and was nothing any more but one chief town of canton of the district of Melun.

Fontainebleau is also the seat of the French contemporary Public records.

Famous characters

Kings de France

• Philippe IV, known as Philippe Beautiful the (1268 - 1314), born and died in Fontainebleau, king of 1285 to 1314.
• François II (1544 - 1560) born in Fontainebleau, king of 1559 to 1560.
• Henri III (1551 - 1589) was born with Fontainebleau, brother of the precedent, king of 1574 to 1589.
• Louis XIII, told to Louis the Juste (1601 - 1643) was born in Fontainebleau, king of 1610 to 1643.

Artists

• Pierre Gobert, (1622-1744), French Painter;
• Pierre Levassor, (1808 - 1870) Actor, was born in Fontainebleau on January 25th, 1808.
• Simon Mathurin Lantara (1729-1778) French painter, was born in Fontainebleau on March 24th, 1729.
• Mécislas Golberg, Anarchistic Thinker , died in Fontainebleau the December 28th 1907.
• Delphine Portier, painter, native of Fontainebleau.
• Lewis Trondheim, born in 1964, scenario writer and draftsman of cartoons.

Other personalities related to the commune

• François Ier

• Napoleon
• Claude François Denecourt
• François Edouard Virlet
• Nicolas Esquillan
• Raoul Angles
• Mgr Jolly
• Paul Séramy
• Paul Dubrule
• Didier Julia
• Patrick Devedjian
• Frederic Valletoux
• Jean-Luc Reichmann

Tourist monuments and places

Fontainebleau shelters famous a royal castle, formerly simple appointment of hunting, several times modified and increased since François Ier. It is there that Louis XIV revoked the Édit of Nantes by the Édit of Fontainebleau the October 18th 1685. It is in the court (called since court of the good-byes ), in front of the castle, that the emperor Napoleon i abdicated in front of his imperial guard in 1814.

The forest is famous for the diversity of its species and its relief like by its size (15  000 ha for the forest known as domanial and 25  000 ha for the whole of the solid mass).

The Cimetière of Fontainebleau is also a frequentable place by the interested tourists, for his historical and stylistic aspect: indeed, the oldest tombs date from the beginning of the XIXe century, and moreover are buried there certain personalities having contributed to the urban development, such as Sylvain Collinet, and a great number of dead soldiers lasting both World wars, among which members of the military forces the Commonwealth. In addition, the cemetery being located in height, to the borders of the forest, it offers a panoramic sight of all the city.

Education

Colleges

• College François Ier
• College François Couperin
• College Jeanne d' Arc - Saint-Aspais (private college)
• Private Professional Technical school White of Castille

Colleges

• International College
• College François Couperin
• College Lucien Cézard
• College Jeanne d' Arc - Saint-Aspais (private college)

Elementary schools

• Mixed Elementary school Paul Jozon
• Elementary school mixed Saint-Merry
• School Sainte-Marie
• Elementary school Léonard de Vinci
• Elementary school Mixed Lagorsse
• School of Bréau
• Course Branger (private school)

Communes bordering

The communes bordering are: Arbonne-the-Forest

Twinnings

• , “bringing together” with the city where the site of the temples of Angkor is.

Gallery

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