Fly agaric
The fly agaric or distorts royal agaric ( Amanita muscaria ) is a very common Amanite, it is the image of Épinal mushrooms in the books for children.
Its hat (until 15-20cm) is sharp Rouge strewn with flakes Blanc S, its blade S are white, as its foot (until 20-25cm) which is bulbous and does not have a true volva, on the other hand its foot is decorated of an also white broad ring.
There exists a variety of fly agaric where the flakes are Jaune S: it is about the variety formosa (see photo opposite).
Habitat
It pushes in Forêt under Feuillu S (rather Bouleau X), sometimes also under Conifère S of the be until the end of the Automne, often groups some where one can see specimens at various stages of maturation.
Toxicity
It is a mushroom Toxique which can cause serious gastro-intestinal disorders and Neurologique S.One believed formerly that the Muscarine was the toxic substance, from where the name. Later research implies another substance, the ibotenic Acide which is a hypno- Sédatif. It contains also Muscimole, a substance Hallucinogène.
The Toxicité of the fly agaric is not comparable with that of the others Amanite S poisons (phalloid, spring).
Possible confusion
If the fly agaric is diluted, that it lost its flakes (see photo opposite) certain people can confuse it with the Amanite of Césars or Oronge which is a mushroom Comestible.; Comparative table
Use
Everyday usage
The fly agaric was very early used in Europe like Insecticide diluted in the Lait, from where its vernacular name.The Muscarine extracted from this mushroom made it possible to characterize a synaptic Récepteur sensitive to the Acétylcholine, called Récepteur muscarinic.
Ritual use
The Druid S and the Sorcier S also used it at ends ic Chaman like the Peyotl with the Mexico (cf Castañeda). According to a particular preparation, it was supposed to make enter the practitioner other realities of conscience and interfere with the world of the spirits, because of its character Hallucinogène.The character Psychotrope is allotted to the Muscimole and the Muscazone (resulting from the ibotenic Acide when the mushroom is dried). These principles are eliminated by the Urine S which can be reabsorbed like drink enivrante.
The first observation of this use is allotted to the Cartographe Swedish Philip von Strahlenberg in 1730 which raises of it the use by various people of the Kamtchatka but in fact this use concerns also other people lying in areas close to the the Ural. This use perduré there at least until the end of the 19th century and could go back to more than 4.000 years according to certain linguistic studies.
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