Flag of the United States

The Flag of the the United States called in '' Stars and Stripes '' (literally “stars and bands”, generally translated by “spangled banner”), in '' The Star-Spangled Banner '' (which is also the title of the national anthem of the United States) or in '' Old Glory '', is composed of thirteen red and white horizontal bands of equal widths, laid out alternatively and of a canton higher (side mast) of blue color strewn with fifty small white stars than five points arranged according to nine horizontal lines.

The first flag of the United States was adopted the June 14th 1777, less than one year after the Déclaration of independence. It did not count whereas thirteen stars with its canton. Twenty-seven successive versions existed, each one adopted to give an account of the increase in the number of States in the Union. The current version with fifty stars is the official version since the July 4th 1960.

This flag is that of the federal republic whose each State also has its own flag. Emblem representing the United States in their complexity, the flag is perceived sometimes like a symbol of democracy and freedom guaranteed by the Constitution, sometimes by the adverse with the policy of the United States like a symbol of imperialism and militarism.

Description

The flag of the United States of America is composed of Thirteen horizontal bands (seven reds and six white) of equal widths, laid out alternatively. The higher canton of the flag (side mast) of blue color, is strewn with fifty small white stars with five branches arranged according to nine horizontal lines containing six and five stars in alternation. The stars have a point upwards.

The respected proportions, are (to refer to the figure Description of the flag ):

height has = 1
length B = 1,9
height of the blue canton C = 7/13 ˜ 0,54
length of the blue canton D = 2.B/5 = 0,76
vertical difference between two star lines E = F = C/10 ˜ 0,054
horizontal difference between two star lines G = H = D/12 ˜ 0,063
diameter of the stars K ˜ 0,062
width of each white or red band L = 1/13 ˜ 0,077

These proportions, fixed in 1959, can undergo variations: eleven sizes of flag are authorized for official uses, each one defined by its length and width. Among these possibilities, three have reports/ratios B / has different from 1,9 (1,57 and 1,37 and 1,33) which must make it possible to adapt to constraining situations (lack of place for example).

The colors of the flag used for the orders of the government are given since November 27th, 1981 in the system out of Standard Color Cards off America:

Origin and significance

The fifty stars collectively represent the Member States of the Union and the thirteen bands represent collectively the British colonies secession nists at the origin of the creation of the American State. There are thus as many stars as of federate States and the number of stars evolved/moved with time. The stars are added the July 4th, day of the national festival, according to the integration of the new States.

Before in '' Stars and Stripes ''

The first flag used resembling the current version in '' [[Large Union Flag]] '', was also called in '' Continental Colors '', '' Congress Colors '', '' First Navy Ensign '' or in '' Cambridge Flag ''. It forever have official statute, but was in fact the first emblem of in '' [[United States Navy]] '' after the Déclaration of independence.

Used for the first time on a ship on December 3rd, 1776 on the river Delaware by the officer as John Paul Jones, according to his clean dires Among the other assumptions appear.

in '' Stars and Stripes ''

First version: 13 stars

It seems that the drawing was changed while following the proposal in Francis Hopkinson to make appear stars. It was one of the signatories of the Declaration of independence and would have also taken part in the creation of the Grand seal of the United States of America. He indeed asked the Sénat a payment for carried out work, which was refused to him by the Sénat with the reason which he was already civil servant and who he was not the only person having contributed to these modifications. It only remains nevertheless whose claim of the paternity of the idea is documented.

The flag finds its origin in a resolution of in '' Marine Committee '' of the Second continental Congress held with Philadelphia on June 14th, 1777

It was then not specified the number of branches of stars, nor how the stars were to be laid out, and each one made as it wanted (randomly, in circle, lines). Also of many versions different from this first flag exist and were used during the Guerre of independence created by in Francis Hopkinson, in Cornelia Bridges, in [[Betsy Ross]] which received the first order of flags in conformity for in '' State Navy Board off Pennsylvania '' on May 29th, 1777, in Rebecca Young, a John Straw or of autes “patriotic”. The most known version, with stars with five branches laid out in circle could be due to in [[Betsy Ross]] (see the figure a version of the flag of the United States with thirteen stars bent by in [[Betsy Ross]] ). Because of this legislative blur, the Americans fought primarily the English under disparate local banners, with the most varied reasons (Rattlesnakes, anchors, pines and palm trees…)

No precision on the significance of the components of the flag was then given.

Evolution

In this first version, although it was not specified at the time, the number thirteen accounted for in an obvious way the thirteen Countries of origin (Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island and Maryland). No distinction was then made from this point of view between stars and the bands. Thus, when in 1795 the flag was modified following the entries of the Vermont (in 1791) and of the Kentucky (in 1792) in the Union, the number of stars and the number of bands passed to fifteen.

Thus twenty-seven different flags are counted, where only the number and the provision of stars change on the blue field (except for the version with fifteen bands). The new versions always use of use on July 4th following the entry of a State the Union. The two last versions, at 48 and 49 stars were brought into service in first while being hoisted symbolically above Fort Mc Henry on July 4th. It should be noted that until in 1912 (entered of the Arizona and the Nouveau Mexico), it had neither defined proportions there, nor official provision of stars on the blue field and the versions were thus versions of use. June 24th, 1912 an order of the president in [[William Howard Taft Taft]] put an end to this situation, and ordered in particular that the stars have a point upwards. In addition, the colors were really defined only in 1934.

The current version dated July 4th, 1960 (entered of Hawaii the United States). It is since July 4th, 2007 the version which was in service longest. Before that, the version with 48 stars laid out in eight vertical lines of six stars was that having been useful longest (from July 4th, 1912 to July 4th, 1959). This version with 48 stars in particular was used during both World wars and it is thus that which one sees on the famous photography of Joe Rosenthal in '' [[Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima]] ''.

Versions carrying until 56 stars are already drawn, if new States adhere to the Union (Guam, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia are the most serious candidates with the statute of American State).

Significance

No precision on the significance of the components of the flag was given at the time of the officialization of the flag to thirteen stars in 1777. in [[George Washington]] declared however

The number thirteen accounted for in an obvious way the thirteen Countries of origin:

The colors of the vertical bands are those used on the flag of the United States of America; the White means the purity and innocence, the Red, bravery and the value and Blue, the color of broad band means vigilance, perseverance and justice.

Another interpretation is given in 1977 in a work on the flag published by the Chambre of the representatives of the United States where is written:

The star is the symbol of the skies and the divine goal to which the man aspires unmemorable times since; the band symbolizes the rays of light emanating from the Sun.

The case of the American Civil War

Confederated States

Of 1861 with 1865, during the American Civil War, the confederated States asserted their independence with respect to the Union. They were linked in a new independent State equipped with a constitution but which was recognized only by the Saxony-Cobourg Gotha. This car-proclaimed State also obtained a flag on March 5th, 1861: in '' Stars and Bars '' (literally stars and bars) very inspired of the flag of the United States.

This strong resemblance lent to confusion on the battle fields and the flag was replaced on May 1st, 1863 by another raising in '' Southern Cross '' (literally the “cross Southerner”) of the flag of war confederated (in '' Dixie flag '') with the canton, the remainder of the flag being white. This flag, in '' Stainless Banner '' itself was replaced by another, similar but which gave less risk to be confused with the white Drapeau of rendering, on March 4th, 1865 which was used until the defeat of the Confederation.

Prohibited following the war, these flags as well as the flag of war where figure in '' Southern Cross '' nevertheless inspired the flags of certain States anciennements secessionists. These emblems are prone to controversy, perceived like symbols of Racisme and Esclavagisme, even if they remain for different symbols of rebellion, patriotism and freedom.

Union

The Union (i.e. honest States with the constitution) forever recognized the independence of the confederated States and always regarded them as States of the United States which formed in their eyes a indivisible Nation. It is followed from there that the flag of the United States does not undergo major modification during this Civil war, as the withdrawal of eleven stars to the canton which could have corresponded to a recognition of the secession of the confederated States for example. The entry in the Union of new States (the Virginia-Western , born from the scission of the Virginia in a part secessionist and a part loyal supporter, and the Nevada) gave even place to new versions of in '' Stars and Stripes '' with additional stars.

Protocol

The protocol related to the use of the flag of the United States (in '' flag labels '') is very precise. The laws which it concerns find in the Code of the United States:

Title 4, chapter 1, this part of the Code is called in '' Flag Codes '' (Code of the flag). It gives the main part of the rules applying (drawing of the flag, star addition, occasions and protocol of use, etc);
Title 18, chapter 33. This chapter which fixes rules of use of a whole of badges, names and medals, gives in particular in the paragraph the 700 sanctions incurred in the event of voluntary deterioration of the flag;
Title 36, chapter 9. This very short chapter gives in particular the framework of use by civilians of an official flag (“in '' Service flag ''”).

To that are added decrees and executive orders of the president ({{Lang|in|'' executive orders ''}} and in '' presidential proclamations '')

The bad application of these texts is not the legal risk object. A sorrow pronounced on such an occasion would indeed raise of a failure to the first amendment on freedom of expression (see the article Amendement against the desacralization of the flag of the United States for more details). These rules are thus usually violated or complied with in an approximate way. They are essential however for the official uses of the emblem.

Occasions of use of the flag by civilians

the flag can be left the every day the year between the paddle and fallen the night. A suitable lighting makes it possible to leave the flag left night.
the flag should not be left if the weather conditions do not lend themselves to it, except if it acts of a model which allows it.
the exit of the flag is advised more particularly the following days:

New Year's Day;
January 20th - establishment of the president of the United States of America ( Inauguration Day );
February 12th - birthday of Lincoln;
3rd Monday of February - birthday of Washington (in '' Presidents' Day '');
Sunday of Easter;
2nd Sunday of May - Mother's Day;
3rd Saturday of May - (in '' Armed Forces Day '');
Last Monday of May - (in '' [[Day Memorial]] '') (in Bern until midday);
June 14th - Day of the flag (in '' Flag Day '');
July 4th - in '' [[Declaration of independence of the United States of America Independence Day]] '', national festival;
1st Monday of September - Labor Day;
September 17th - in '' Constitution Day '';
2nd Monday of October - Day of Christophe Colomb ;
October 27th - {{Lang|in|''Navy Day''}} ;
November 11th - in '' [[Veteran Veterans]] Day '';
4th Thursday of November - in '' [[Thanksgiving (Thanksgiving) Thanksgiving]] '';
December 25th - Christmas;
On proclamation by the President of the United States; at the time of the birthdays of entry of the States in the Union (date of admission); during bank holidays of the States.

the flag must be had the every day close to the principal building each governmental building and public institution.
the flag must be had in or near each polling station the days election.
the flag must be had in or near each school the days class.

The flag to cover coffins

The soldiers as well as the veterans having left the honourable army of way can have their coffin covered with a flag which will be provided by the State. The flag in this case should not touch the ground nor to accompany the coffin under ground. It must be withdrawn and folded ceremoniously.

This does not prohibit with any other person to have her coffin covered with a flag.

Provision and orientation

The basic principles are that the flag must always be in the place of honor on the territory of the United States (on its own line, i.e. with the left of the person facing him), the blue canton in top and again in the place of honor: side of the mast or with the right-hand side of the flag (with the left of the person facing him) or forwards if the flag is posted on a mobile support (like a vehicle or the uniform of a soldier).

The flag can be hoisted the blue canton in bottom as a sign of distress great or danger.

The flag always is hoisted quickly and lowered with slowness. If the flag is put in Bern, it first of all is hoisted quickly, then lowered to semi-mast with slowness. To lower a flag put in Bern, it is initially advisable to highly hoist it since the semi-mast then to lower it slowly.

If the flag is used to cover a coffin, the blue canton is laid out above the left shoulder death.

If several flags are exposed, the flag of the United States must in general be always in the place of honor and no flag can be above him, or on its line with the same height. If several national flags are hoisted, they must be hoisted at the same time and to have equivalent sizes (in times of peace, the use wants that the national flags are hoisted with the same height as that of the United States). An exception to the rule is mentioned explicitly in the Code of the United States. It is about the flag of the the United Nations which occupies the place of honor to the head office of UNO in New York. Within this framework, it is also authorized to see the flag of the United States occupying a row equivalent to that of the flags of the other nations.

Other rules and prohibitions

Many other rules give the details of the protocol to be complied with.

The flag of the United States should never be tilted, i.e. lowered, to greet an authority. This does not apply to the national houses of boats when they answer thus the hello of another boat.

The flag attached to a mast should not be retained differently than by its fastener with the mast and should nothing touch of other. It must float freely. If it comes into contact with another object, it must be replaced so that does not arrive any more.

The flag should nothing touch in lower part of him, in particular the ground. Again, if it touches the ground, it must be raised.

When the flag is lowered of a mast, it should not touch the ground, but must be waited and accommodated by the hands and the arms of a person who receives it.

The flag should be used to cover objects, neither like ornament, neither like effect of clothing, nor with advertizing objectives.

Nothing must be added to the flag (bent, written, drawn, etc).

Maintenance, conservation and end-of-life of the flag

It is recommended to the owners of a flag to take care of it. If it is damaged, the flag can be begun again as long as that does not deteriorate its proportions significantly.

The flag must be folded according to a special procedure, by two people facing and holding it with height of the hips. The flag is initially folded into four in the direction length before being folded in a triangle which lets appear finally only one portion of the blue canton (see animation).

Once used, the flag must be destroyed in a respectful way, preferably by burning it. It however is recommended to bring it to a center of in [[American Legion]] or with an administration which will be able to deal with the destruction of the flag under good conditions:

I swear allegiance with the flag of the United States of America and the République which it represents, a Nation plain under the authority of God, indivisible, with the Liberté and the Justice for all.

History

It was published before in a review of the Massachusetts in 1892, to celebrate the 400e birthday of discovered of Americas by Christophe Colomb, and was used on October 12th, 1892 for the Jour of Christophe Colomb in the schools. This first version, written by Pasteur Baptist in Francis Bellamy, was to be simple and direct, récitable in fifteen seconds:

I swear allegiance with my flag and the République which it represents: an indivisible nation, with the Freedom and the Justice for all.

This old version contained my flag () in place places the flag of the United States of America (). This was modified in 1923 to avoid any confusion on behalf of the immigrants or of the people of foreign origin. The reference to God was then not present and was added thereafter.

A stop of the Supreme court of 1940 made possible to make compulsory the oath of allegiance for all the pupils of a public school, including the Témoins of Jéhovah, which however refuse to lend oath towards very other that God, regarding that as idolatry. In 1943, this obligation was prohibited, because she violates the first amendment.

In 1954, was added the reference to God, was taken in the speech of Gettysburg of in [[Abraham Lincoln Lincoln]]. The president in [[Dwight Eisenhower Eisenhower]] known as on this subject:

We thus reaffirm the transcendence of the faith in the heritage and the future of America; we will thus constantly reinforce the spiritual weapons which will be forever the most powerful resource of our country in times of peace and war.

Protocol

There exist again codes of conduct to recite this oath. It is recommended for the people not carrying a uniform to be held with the Garde-à-vous, turned towards the flag, the right hand on the heart. The men must hold their hat, if they carry one from there, on the left shoulder in order to have the hand on the heart. The people in uniform must remain quiet and carry out a lawful hello.

This oath is not that called by the president the day of his nomination. This one swears fidelity with the Constitution.

In the same way, the elected officials (the president put aside), civils servant and personnel in uniform lend oath of fidelity to the Constitution and not to the flag according to a common text. It is specified that this oath does not prevent the office plurality with an oath specific to the occupied function. The federal judges, for example, say an additional text.

A different oath is still lent by the new American citizens during their change of Nationalité. It acts there, still, primarily of allegiance to the Constitution.

The day of the flag (in '' Flag Day '')

June 14th is, in remembering the resolution of the Congress of June 14th, 1777, the “day of the flag” in the United States. It is not a federal bank holiday. Only the Pennsylvania declared it bank holiday in 1937.

The day of the flag exists since the proclamation of the president in [[Woodrow Wilson]] in 1916, although it was already celebrated in 1877, for the centenary of the flag. In August 1949, an act of the Congress gave a perennial existence to this festival while ordering to the president to publish a proclamation calling with the respect each year of the day of the flag on June 14th, and the week the container “week national of the flag” (since 1966).

Famous flags

in '' The Star-Spangled Banner ''

A flag with fifteen stars, made by in Mary Pickersgill in dimensions 12,8m by 9,1m, floated above in [[Strong McHenry]] during the battle of Baltimore during the Guerre of 1812. It is thus him which inspired with in [[Francis Scott Key]] the text of the poem in '' [[The Banner Star-Spangled]] '' which, put in music, became the National anthem of the United States. The flag in question, usually exposed to in '' National Museum off American History '' of in '' [[Smithsonian Institute]] '', is currently in repair and should find its place in 2008 there.

The Battle of Iwo Jima

The battle of Iwo Jima opposed on the Japanese island of Iwo Jima (in Japanese Iōjima ) the the United States, attacker, and the Japan in February and March 1945 within the framework of the theater of operation of the Pacifique of the Second world war. The island was conquered. The battle is particularly famous for the photograph taken by in [[Joe Rosenthal]], in '' Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima '', showing in '' [[US Marine Body marines]] '' American hoisting the flag at the top of the Suribachi mount.

This photography had an immense success immediately and is probably the most diffused photography of all times.

The flag on the Moon

A flag was planted with some difficulties on July 21st, 1969 on the the Moon (Mer of Peace) by in [[Buzz Aldrin]] at the time of the mission Apollo 11. The gesture to plant a flag on a territory lately discovered was thus taken again. However, this planted flag did not represent a means of asserting this territory, but well rather an communications operation in the Cold war. A text adopted by the Senate and the Chambre of the representatives decided to plant only the flag of the United States on any planet explored thanks to the American financing whereas voices rose to require that the flag was also laid out of the the United Nations and a Christian flag. The reason of this decision is given at the end of the adopted text:

This gesture is a symbolic gesture of national pride and it should not be interpreted like a declaration of national appropriation per proclamation of sovereignty ,

This is in conformity with the Traité space of January 27th, 1967. Moreover, the plate deposited by the crew carried the sentence:

We came in peace for all humanity.

()

And its drawing was modified to replace the flag which was to appear in it by a drawing of the hemispheres is and western.

This was announced already by the president in [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy Kennedy]] at the time of his speech to the Université Rice (Houston, Texas) of September 12th, 1962:

… us it (space) will see not controlled by a flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. ,

This mission also carried in its voyage of the flags of large size of the the United States and of each fifty States of the Union of 1969, the District of Columbia, the not-built-in territories of the the United Nations, and other Countries. They brought back these flags on Earth and they were presented to the governors and to Heads of States.

Variations of the flag

In other official symbols of the United States

The colors and the stars of the flag of the United States are found in other symbols of the American nation, like as many variations.

The Large seal of the United States of America, for example, was adopted on June 20th, 1782 with explanations and a reference to the flag.

the Drapeau of Liberia (1827) takes again the alternation of the white and red bands and a blue canton: this country of Western Africa was indeed rested by an american company of Colonisation (in '' [[The National Colonization Society off America]] ''), to install released black slaves there. The flag is however different, carrying only one star on a square and nonrectangular canton. It is also noted that the number of bands is different (the flag of Liberia counts eleven of them) as well as the significance allotted to the various elements.

See this page for flags presenting a resemblance to that of the United States.

Other uses of the flag, evocations and diversions

Symbol of the United States, the flag carries a strong emotional load. It represents for some the unit of the Federation, the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and its amendments, the democracy and freedom. Other uses of the flag, in particular within the framework of the army, associate it with the Nationalisme, Patriotisme, and Militarisme, and with a imperialism of the United States. The made interpretation of a representation of this symbol will thus depend primarily on nationality and on lived on the observer and the historical context.

In the field of arts

Visual arts

The flag is a strong image, sometimes taken again and employed by the artists who use of them the various facets, of which graphic qualities of the object. One can quote.

in '' [[Flag (table) Flag]] '', painting of in [[Jasper Johns]] which worked on the flag with many recoveries;
in '' Flag '', painting of in [[Wally Hedrick]];
in '' The Flag is Bleeding '' (1967), painting of in [[Faith Ringgold]];
in '' African-American Flag '' (1990), in [[David Hammons]].

The use of the flag by as Jasper Johns was certainly one of most outstanding. It inspired in particular in [[Frank Stella]], which took again of it the rate/rhythm given by the bands.

Small pockets of discs

in '' There' S.A. Riot Going One '', in [[Sly & the Family Stone]]. The photography of a flag where suns replacing stars was taken by in [[Steve Paley]], in '' [[has & R]] '' group.
in '' Pop Art '', [[Fart Shop Servant boys]]
in '' [[Born In The U.S.A.]] '', in [[Bruce Springsteen]]. This photography is the work of in [[Annie Leibovitz]].
in '' After Bathing At Baxter' S '' and in '' [[Volunteers]] '', in [[Jefferson Airplane]]
Of the albums of the group in [[Anti-Flag]]. in '' has New Kind Army '' off, for example, takes again and diverts photography in '' [[Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima]] ''.

Cartoon

Several Superman of in '' [[comic]] S '', have costumes inspired of the American flag:

more one super-soldier that a superman, in [[Captain America]] is in love insane American values, in fight to the death against its enemies Nazis;
in [[Wonder Woman]];
in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Nice Captain Nice] of the homonymous televised series created by Buck Henry in 1967 is a parody of superman.

Cinema

; Posters:

in '' Hamburger Hill '' (1987), of in [[John Irving]]
in '' [[Good Morning, Vietnam]] '' (1987), of in [[Barry Levinson]]
Born one July 4th (in '' Born one the Fourth off July '', 1990), of in [[Oliver Stone]]: plan tightened on in [[Tom Cruise]] veiled by the flag of the United States. See the poster
Far from Vietnam (1991), collective film of Jean-Luc Godard, Alain Resnais, William Klein, Claude Lelouch, Agnes Varda, Joris Ivens and Marceline Loridan. See the poster
in '' [[Larry Flynt (film) Larry Flynt]] '' (in '' The People VS. Larry Flynt '', 1997) of in [[Milos Forman]]: this polemical poster represents the American business man crucifié on the stomach of a woman, the American flag wrapped around the size. See the poster
In the valley of Elah (in '' In the Valley off Elah '', 2007), of in [[Paul Haggis]]: the poster of this film on America mined by the Iraq represents in [[Tommy Lee Jones]] and in [[Charlize Theron]] in front of a worn American flag which opera hat with the wind. See the poster
My best enemy (in '' My Enemy' S Enemy '', 2007), of in [[Kevin MacDonald]]: the poster shows a photograph of Klaus Barbie and a flag of the United States where alternate lines of crosses - gammées and stars. The matter of this documentary is to establish the implication of Barbie in the American secret services and Bolivian repression. See the poster

; Sequences or stories:

the Planet of the monkeys (in '' Planet off the Apes '', 1968): in this film, a sequence parodies the historical scene of the flag planted on the Moon. in Taylor, the captain of the crew of the asronautes, makes fun of his comrade in Landon, prototype of the average American, who pushes patriotism until planting a miniature flag of the the United States on the rocky ground of their planet of arrival. He greets this initiative of a great burst of laughter.
Memories of our fathers (in '' Flags off Our Fathers '', 2006): in [[Clint Eastwood]] homage in this film to the heroism of the six soldiers returns who took part in 1945 in bloody the Bataille of Iwo Jima, during the Second world war, which planted the American flag on the mount Suribachi as a sign of victory and which was immortalisés by the photography of in [[Joe Rosenthal]], Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima .

Photography: in '' Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima ''

See too

Sources

an important part of information given here is on the site of government organization U.S. GSA, in [http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/ Federal Citizen Information Center], in the part in [http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/misc/ourflag/titlepage.htm '' Our Flag '']. This text, regularly published in versions updated by the Congress is also available in format pdf in its version revised in 2003. The version of 2001 carries the ISBN 0160509815.
http://www.usflag.org/
http://www.amb-usa.fr/indexfr.htm
the legal references are taken for the majority of the site of the Faculty of Law the Université Cornell: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/

Amendment against the desacralization of the flag of the United States
in '' [[The Banner Star-Spangled]] ''
Large seal of the United States of America
List of the flags of the States of the United States of America
Flag House & Star-Spangled Banner Museum
Flags of the confederated States of America

Random links:

Flag of the United States

Description

Origin and significance

Before in '' Stars and Stripes ''

in '' Stars and Stripes ''

First version: 13 stars

Evolution

Significance

The case of the American Civil War

Confederated States

Union

Protocol

Occasions of use of the flag by civilians

The flag to cover coffins

Provision and orientation

Other rules and prohibitions

Maintenance, conservation and end-of-life of the flag

History

Protocol

The day of the flag (in '' Flag Day '')

Famous flags

in '' The Star-Spangled Banner ''

The Battle of Iwo Jima

The flag on the Moon

Variations of the flag

In other official symbols of the United States

Other uses of the flag, evocations and diversions

In the field of arts

Visual arts

Small pockets of discs

Cartoon

Cinema

Photography: in '' Raising the Flag one Iwo Jima ''

See too

Sources

Related articles