Fitna

Fitna (Arab: rear فتنة), not easily translatable RTL, is an Arab word referring to the Civil war, the dissension and divisions inside the Islam, in particular for the periods including/understanding of the tests of faith. It can be compared with large the Tribulation announced in the Christian Eschatologie . The term implies also the movements of Révolte and Sécession.

The term fitna comes originally from the metallurgical lexicon , but it became more common in the writings Apocalyptiques.

It is usually used to refer to the Civil war having followed the assassination of the caliph Uthman, in 656 and the Bataille of the Camel. The second fitna in general indicates the second war inside the Califat, at the time of the conflict between the Omeyyades from 683 to 685. One also speaks about fitna during disintegration of the Califat of Cordoue in several independent strongholds, driving with the time of the taifas.

According to Gilles Kepel, “the fitna is translated sometimes by sedition, that is to say the fact that the Muslim community is fragmented because it lost the direction of the proportions and reality, of the Maslaha, that it is delivered to the demons of the extremism and that it goes to its loss. It is the Djihad which returns like a boomerang inside and which weakens the community. The fitna, it is the obsession of the Oulémas since Islam exists. ”

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