The First Empire is the mode founded in France by Napoleon Bonaparte to replace the Consulat. It begins the May 18th 1804 (senatus consult proclaiming Napoleon Bonaparte “ Empereur of the French ”) and is completed in April 1814 (abdication of Napoleon and departure for the isle of Elba). It will be followed by the First Restoration, stopped by the episode of the Hundred Days, of the March 20th to the June 22nd 1815.

The Plébiscite of the November 6th 1804 legitimates the passage to the Prime Minister Empire. Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Empereur by the Pape Pie VII with Notre-Dame de Paris the December 2nd 1804 under the name of Napoleon I {{er}}.

It is by its military victories and alliances that Napoleon Bonaparte made reign the Empire on almost the totality of continental Europe. However as of the first day, this one being threatened by the Third coalition, the decisive victory of the French to the battle of Austerlitz drew aside, but for a time only, the threat which weighed on the Empire. The Large army subjected Prussia into 1806 before entering to Poland for finally demolishing Russia with the battle of Friedland in 1807. On this basis Napoleon could impose the treaty of Tilsit thus putting in July 1807, for a time, a term with what had been two years of uninterrupted war in continental Europe.

The engagement of France in the businesses of the Iberian peninsula early made start the Guerre of Spain, a brutal conflict which will be spread out over more than six years and which will weaken the Empire in an important way. In 1809 France and Austria delivered the war of the fifth coalition; France triumphed again and imposed the treaty of Schönbrunn on Habsbourg. In 1812 however, diplomatic tensions with Russia found their solution by the invasion of Napoleon. This one will appear catastrophic for France and the Empire; in 1813 the war against the sixth coalition saw expelled France of Germany; the Napoleon April 6th, 1814 abdicated. It tried a return in 1815 but the rout of the French Army to the battle of Waterloo against the Allied ones finishes completing the last remainders of the Empire.

With its apogee in 1812, the French Empire counted 130 departments, deployed 600.000 troops against Russia tsarist, reigned on more than 44 million subjects. The Empire maintained a military presence extended in Germany, Italy, Spain and on the Duchy of Warsaw, it could count Prussia and Austria among its declared allies. The destiny of the Empire was closely related to that of its army whose first victories exported through the institutions of the conquered countries several of the ideological features of the Revolution. Justice and balances it seigneuriales were abolished everywhere where the French Army passed. The aristocratic privileges were eliminated except in Poland and the Napoleonean Code was introduced through the continent making each and everyone equal in front of the law. It establishes the system of jury and legalized the divorce.

Napoleon rearranged the chart of Europe and allotted several titles of nobility to his family and his close relations on the thrones of various countries of Europe. Its reign was eminently nepotic.

Outstanding dates of the First Empire

Political history

The sacring of December 2nd, 1804

Napoleon i was made crown with the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris by the Pope Pie VII.
He however did not communié at the time of the mass, not being practitioner. He would have crowned itself back with the pope, then crown the empress. This scene is represented by the table of Jacques-Louis David, the Sacring of Napoleon .

Institutional work

In 1801, the Legal settlement is signed between Napoleon Bonaparte and the pope Pie VII. The March 21st 1804, the Civil code French is promulgé. In 1806, the court of arbitration east creates. In 1808, Napoleon creates the Université, institution of state.

Right

  • the Code Napoleon (Civil code French).

Great work

  • road Work: road of the collars of the Mount-Cenis, of the Simplon, of the Mount-Genèvre, continuation of constructions of roads started at the 18th century
  • harbor Work: Antwerp, Dunkirk
  • Ways of water: Channel of Ourcq
  • Town planning: Slaughter-house S of which those of the Villette, cemeteries, Mortuary of Paris, Bridges of Arts, Iéna, Austerlitz, Stock Exchange, Quay of Orsay with Paris; Place Bellecour with Lyon

References

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