First Egyptian intermediate period

The First period intermediate (approximately from -2180/-2150/-2140 to -2022) is this part of the history of the ancient Egypt being located between the Ancient Empire and the Moyen Empire. One generally allots to him with.

This period is characterized by the obliteration of the king on the political scene with the profit of the Nomarque S, chiefs of provinces (Nome S), at the origin indicated by the sovereign, but become hereditary with time. This profit of being able of the local elites would have been especially made under the long reign of the king Pépi {{II}}, which would have lasted 94 years and which its old age prevented from controlling the country adequately. Then the reign came from his/her son Mérenrê {{II}}, which lasted hardly a year, early replaced by the woman of this one, the queen Nitokris. The reign of a woman carried surely a fatal blow to the credibility of the divine king, allowing the local dynastes firmly established in their name émanciper of the royal authority.

There is no certainty concerning the identity of the sovereigns of, seventy kings in seventy days according to Manéthon. , Which seems to be related with, is better known than the preceding one. It was installed with Memphis and the royal list of the Papyrus of Turin mentions seventeen sovereigns, therefore considered as legitimate, other documents twenty-five.

Was resulting from Khéty {{Ier}}, prince of Hérakléopolis which seized the royal capacity. The two other identifiable kings of this dynasty are Néferkarê {{VII}} and Khéty {{II}}. , Always with Hérakléopolis, would have had like first king Khéty {{V}}. The clearly identified sovereigns are Khéty {{V}} and Mérikarê {{Ier}}.

At the time when was founded in North, another, it (approximately of -2130 with -1991), emerged with Thèbes in High-Egypt, with Montouhotep {{Ier}} like first sovereign. During more than one hundred years, the dynasties of North and that of the South were fought, progressing or regressing according to the play of alliances with the nomarques ones of Average-Egypt, but it was more about a cold war that of a true armed conflict, the two sovereigns observing a precarious peace. After Montouhotep 1st, the reigns came from Antef {{Ier}}, Antef {{II}}, Antef {{III}}, and finally that of Montouhotep {{II}}. It is the latter sovereign who unified Egypt again and will be made crown king of the Two Grounds (-2022), taking again the control of a country devastated by this conflict and the invasions coming from the east. The capacity and the prestige of the Egyptian sovereign will reach never again the same level as during the Ancient Empire.

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