Firminy

Firminy is a common French, located in the department of the the Loire and the area the Rhone-Alps.

Its inhabitants is Appelous.

Geography

Bordering on the Haute-Loire, Firminy is located in the Massif Central between the Auvergne and the Forez, with the limit of the Velay and the Regional natural park of Pilat, at equal distance between Lyon and of the Puy-en-Velay and with 12 km of Saint-Etienne, at the edge of the Ondaine to 4 km of the throats of the the Loire. It is the fourth city of the department

The communes bordering are:

Transport and infrastructures

Roads

Airport

Railway station

  • Station of Firminy

Urban transport

See also: Shipping company of the Agglomeration Inhabitant of Saint-Etienne

Firminy is served by the STAS (Company of the public transport of Aglomération Stéphanoise) in the zone Grand Saint-Etienne like by the line FOR THE THIRD TIME (Puy) - Firminy - St Etienne - (Lyon), acceccible with a step Oura (Bus STAS + FOR THE THIRD TIME) zone Grand St Etienne

Administration

Demography

Source of the name of the inhabitants

The denomination of the inhabitants, Appelous is relatively recent. At the 19th century, the nailsmiths carried an apron in skin called “sheepskin”. In patois, this skin said the pelou and those which carried it, the Appelous . The inhabitants of Firminy thus inherited the nickname of the nailsmiths.

History

See also: Carboniferous of the Loire

Firminy would originate in a Gallo-Roman Villa. Indeed the old name of Firminy was Firminiaco or Firminiacus . However the suffix “- ac” indicated in Latin an inhabited place, here by a person named Firmin ( Firmin / ac / O ).

  • the first mention historical of Firminy ( Firminiaco ) appears in 971 in a charter of Conrad the Pacific, king of Burgundy and lord of the town of Lyon where are stated the possessions recognized with the abbey of Island-Bores.

  • In the middle of the 10th century a church and a priory were established thanks to the generosity of the close lords. A text of 1168 recognizes Humbert prior of Firminy. And as of 1183, one finds in the files, the trace of a church dedicated to Pierre saint.
  • Its tradition of Fair S, Gone S open and early products goes back to the Moyen-âge where it was already an active city from its advantageous geographical location (between the Loire and Haute-Loire).
  • the commune exploits with open sky of the Houille as of the 13th century.
  • Towards 1460, during the War One hundred Year old, the English remain with the priory; the truck drivers late come and other bands from bad quality take a heavy tribute on the population; the lords of the vicinity, the count of the Drill itself, plunder the abbey. To defend oneself, Firminy is surrounded by seven meters height walls, openings of two strengthened doors, of which one will remain until in 1967.
  • In 1507, of the letters patent of Louis XII give to the city the title of “city” and create there markets and fairs, testimony of its marketing activity.
  • During the 17th century, the plague devastates the area on several occasions. The winters 1693 and 1694 knew a food shortage without precedent with the death of the third of the population.
  • At the beginning of the 17th century, Claude of the Tower, lord of Varan, brought the craft industry of the nail, which was going to take a broad rise quickly. Exploitation of the “charboutières”, or careers of coal, which existed since the 16th century, continues to develop.
  • 1820 : Foundation of the Company of the mines, with several winding shafts: Chappelon, the Tower, Osmond, Charles, Charpin, etc the last puit of mine disappeared from the commune in 1918.
  • During the Revolution, Firminy became chief town of canton. It will remain it until in 1801, date on which it is attached to the canton of Chambon-Feugerolles until in 1900.
  • 1854 : François Felix Verdié buys the Philippon trip hammer and creates his limited partnership with share capitals. The company François-Felix Verdié will be transformed into 1867 in Public limit company of the steel-works and forging mills of Firminy.
  • 1859 : Opening of the station of Firminy.
  • 1867 : At Verdié, engineer Martin produces the furnace with steel which bears its name.
  • In 1954, by contribution of the factory of Firminy, the public limit company of the steel-works and forging mills of Firminy entered for 38% the capital of the Company of the Workshops and Forges of the Loire (C.A.F.L.) Later the CAFL will become Creusot-Loire.
  • In 1959, the commune of Chazeau amalgamates with Firminy.
  • Of 1954 - 1965, Firminy-Green (substitute of a “black” city industrial), is conceived in the Années 1950 on the initiative of Claudius-Small Eugene, mayor of the city, former minister for the Rebuilding. This project of town planning is carried out by Charles Delfante and will be supplemented with the construction of buildings by Le Corbusier: gathered in the " center civique" , the House of the Culture (1965), the stage, and the project of a parish church whose first stone is posed in 1970; after the disappearance of Le Corbusier in 1965, it is with its Woginscki disciple who returns the construction of the swimming pool and that of the Housing unit carried out of 1965 to 1967.
  • In 1962, the whole of Firminy-Green is distinguished by the national price from town planning, because of the exemplarity of this realization of of which persons in charge are obviously inspired by the principles of the Charter of Athens, adopted in 1933 by the international Congress of Modern architecture at the instigation of Le Corbusier.
  • 1970: the CAFL is absorbed in Creusot-Loire of which it becomes the largest establishment and most complex to manage being given the diversity of its know-how and its productions. But in this new context of multinational size, one will attend in the twelve following years a double evolution: on the one hand, the modernization of certain workshops such as the forging mill, cold rolling, but n the other hand the closing with the passing of years of the workshops considered to be the least powerful for their economic results. Because of the productivity gains and closings, working manpower will not cease being reduced, which will contribute to stop the population growth of the city and to call into question the projects of a town-planning second conceived to answer the forecast of a strong increase in the population.
  • 1983: bankruptcy of Creusot-Loire. The iron-foundry is taken again by USINOR, but it is the starting point of a dismantling which will make it burst in several establishments of which several will economically appear nonviable.
  • the same year, municipal project of closing of the Housing unit Le Corbusier, which in consequence of the economic conditions is only with half filled. The resistance of the inhabitants leads to a compromise: the closing of the northern wing, and the regrouping of the occupants in the southern wing.
  • the same year: the opening of a building site of a municipal gymnasium to a few meter of the building site of the church of Le Corbusier, abandoned since 1977 by lack of means financial, involves the intervention of the state in favor of a protection of the whole of works of Le Corbusier of Firminy under Historic buildings.
  • 1984: construction of two gymnasia GM4 and GM5 under mandature of Théo Vial-Massat.
  • 1986: creation of a tourist office for the reception and the guidance of the visitors of the inheritance Le Corbusier (4 to 5000 visitors per annum). This creation, followed that of a municipal Office of tourism, contributes to the difficult awakening of a recognition of this inheritance.
  • 1995: opening of a second cinema in Majestic.
  • 2000: opening of the firmament (cultural project emitted by the municipality of Bernard Outin) which gathers a stage, a covered tennis court, a dojo, and a theater which accommodated since many artists known and recognized such as Helene Ségara, Chimène Badi…
  • 2001: municipal elections. Although not being an electoral stake expresses, the development of the Le Corbusier inheritance at cultural, economic and tourist ends appears quickly commutes a major goal of the new municipality. Are entrepises the restoration of the Housing unit, initiated by the former municipality (that of Bernard Outin of 1992 to 2001), in two years of building site which allow moreover the start-up of the northern wing with the participation of a private promoter, and especially with the support of Saint-Etienne - Metropolis, of the Area and the State, the resumption and the completion of the construction of the Church, finally finished and inaugurated in November 2006. The electrification of the railway line Saint-Etienne Firminy was programmed by the communist Minister for housing and transport Jean Claude Gayssot. The total replanning of the square of the station ceases into 2006 being crossed by an exit of fast track.
  • 2006 Clextral, one of the companies heiresses of an elaborate highly technological know-how at the time of Creusot-Loire, celebrates by an international symposium the fiftieth birthday of the birth of the machines to extrude Bi-screws, invented in Firminy and adopted in many countries for the extrusion of the plastics, multiple food products and the manufacture of top-of-the-range papers (example: banknotes).
It should be noted that at side of Clextral, are also heirs to Creusot-Loire the establishments Aubert and Duval (steel-works working out of highly specified alloys, forging mill and machining of long metallurgical parts), ARCELOR and since 2006, MITTAL-ARCELOR (cold rolling of utmost precision). These establishments occupy an important part of the old metallurgical site, whose headlight is the tower of hardening, high 53 meters, built in 1935 and considered more and more as a major historical witness of the local industrial history, and in addition without equivalent in Europe and perhaps in the world: from where the engagement of a procedure for a classification under the historic buildings.

Another international case in progress: the initiative of Firminy for a classification of works of Corbuier to the world heritage of UNESCO, initiative to which already adhered many countries in which exist works carried out by the architect. To follow… in 2008

Places and monuments

  • Church Saint-Firmin
  • Door Saint-Pierre
  • Castle of Bruneaux
  • Museum of the firemen
  • War memorials the

See also: Le Corbusier Inheritance of Firminy-Green,

  • the city gathers the greatest number of works of the the Corbusiers, built between 1961 and 1968.
    • the Church Saint-Pierre, left unfinished, but finished and inaugurated the November 29th 2006.
    • the House of the Culture and Youth
    • a housing unit known as " Corbusier".
    • the stage
    • the swimming pool, carried out 1965 with 1968, by the architect André Wogenscky after the death of Corbusier is finished of renovated. It is called from now on Piscine Andre Wogenscky.

Economy

Events

  • Every year in the month of October takes place traditional “the Vogue of nuts”, which remains a fun fair of importance and which ends in famous “the Corso” created by Mr. Théo Vial Massat (former communist mayor of Firminy) in 1971. It always begins saturdays and finishes Sunday of the following week by traditional “the Corso”. It is the third fun fair most important of France.

  • Every year takes place also the rally of Nuts, automobile race whose arrival is on the Place of Breuil.
  • Every Thursday takes place the market on the Place of Breuil and the Place of the Market. Saturdays are one market day (vegetables, etc) and it takes place only on the Place of the Market.

Personalities related to the commune

See too

  • Common of the Loire

External bonds

  • Official site

  • Construction in 1968 of the RN 88, expressway between Saint-Etienne and Firminy
  • Library Louis Aragon
  • Official site of the FCO Firminy
  • Official site of Firminy Volleyball Ball
  • Official site of USAF handball
  • History of Firminy

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