Fibule

The fibule (of meaning Latin fibula attaches) is the ancestor of the safety pin.

Presentation

The fibules, for what one knows, were especially intended to attach Vêtement S, some having been able to play a simple part of decorative pin. It is an improvement compared to the node or with the simple less reliable needle and which was lost more easily. Whereas the head of the fibule was often decorated, the arc or the body often comprised more elaborate decorations to him and in certain cultures these types of decorations could have reference symbols, they could be associated with a row, a profession or differentiate the married women from the unmarried women, men, warriors or chiefs.
Certaines fibules Roman could represent a rank in the army.
Les fibules could also play the part of Amulette S to entreat the bad fate and some were deposited in Sanctuaire S, or on the furnace bridge S like offerings.

The archaeological excavations made it possible to find many metal fibules (Bronze, Argent, Or, Fer) or Ivoire, of which some encrusted with invaluable or richly ornamented stones.

Today, the fibules help the archeologists to date the couhes archaeological that they excavate.

Techniques of manufacture

In Central Europe, at the beginning of the time of the Tène the fibules are very often in Bronze, manufactured with a process " with the lost Wax " , or with a technique known as of " Boiler making and the martelage" of a metal bar bronzes or iron alternating with phases of annealing to increase the elasticity of the moving part, the spring.

Composition of a fibule

The known first fibules, of the end of the Bronze Age, generally have the shape of arc and comprise a side needle evoking the contemporary safety pins.

They could have a round oval, square, dish or twisted body.

Some carried perforations or small decorations on the level of the arc. Fibules of this type were introduced as of the XIV E by the Mycéniens into the Peloponnese and spread in all the Greece, Cyprus and the Sicily.

the body of a fibule can be in the shape of arc or dish following its basic form. An arc generally long and narrow and often is very bent. A fibule punt will be broader and of more solid form. The body of the fibules was often decorated and its end made up of a spring or a hinge. According to its cultural origin the head of the fibule could be curved to the bottom, the top or on the side.

the needle used to attach clothing can be made up of a part different attached to the body from the fibule, or can belong to this same fibule.

The needle can be attached to a arises or with small a hinge . The Spring perhaps spiral, unilateral or bilateral.

The unilateral spring: It is only rolled up in a direction and appears first of all towards.

The bilateral spring: IT can be very short, turned only one or twice or more length which can reach a size of 10 cm. The majority of the bilateral springs are made of only one piece of metal and are composed of only one cord going from one end to another and being able to pass in front of or behind the body of the fibule. The bilateral spring is often rolled up around an iron axis even if the remainder of the spring is composed of alloy of Cuivre.

At the 1st century some fibules had their springs covered by an extension of the metal body, these last are known as fibules with hidden spring or cover.

At the beginning of a new type of fibule appears carrying a needle attached by its end to small a hinge , this mode of fixing is used for all types of fibules. At third century BC the hinge was placed in the center of a long bar creating famous the fibule type crossbow or crossbow , although this type of fibule existed before, it was still very rare and had disappeared towards the beginning from the O C

Types of Fibules

Alésia

Aucissa In Ier century after J-C, the fibules of the type aucissa were very widespread, they generally consist of an important, semi arc circular and having for end a rather short foot. The arc is flat and broad and carries a rolled up ring in the center. The fibules aucissa were the first to use a hinge rather than a spring. Many of these fibules carries the words " AVCISSA" moulded with the top of the hinge; the archeologists think that it is about the name of the workshop of factory.

Crossbow

Aquiliforme (in the shape of eagle)

Ring medieval

Berber

Dolphin

Knee

Haslau One sees appearing during IIIe period of the Bronze a style of fibule consisted of two parts rolled in spiral and attached together, these fibules known under the name of type Haslau or St Lucija makes think of a pair of glasses, and dates from the XI E to the VIIe front century J. - C.. Some of these fibules in the shape of circle were of rather broad size being able to reach 10 cm of scale. An alternative which appears to the IV E was made up of four small circles with in the center a small encrusted square.

Hinge-headed

Hod Hill

Langton down

Mérovingien

Münsingen

Omega

openwork Plate Form of P

Rivet washer

Serpentine the Culture of Villanova in Italy introduced between the VIII {{E}} and seventh century BC a series of variation of fibule in arc . In this variation the arc starts at its head with a circular semi form but yields in right angle. This arc was often decorated with nodes or engraved prickles, and could also be curved in vague or in gimlets , this alternative is known under the name of fibule serpentine .

Skeuomorphe

Tène

Trumpet

Krâftig Profilierte Between the end of the Ier century until the end of the IIe century appears of the fibules of the " type; Kraftige Profilierte" , these fibules consists of a broad bilateral spring, of a broad head often punt crimped by one or more rings being prolonged by a finer part finishing itself by a protuberance. There exist three types of fibules profilierte: the first originating one in Pannonia carries a double ring on its arc, the second that of the Balkans is made up only of one simple ring, and the last originating in the Black Sea consists of two rings but does not carry a protuberance in its end.

Zoomorphe

See too

the Fibule de Préneste
the Fibules de Pîtres
the Fibula new nomenclature of the bone fibula (compared to its form).

External bonds

the site of a collector of fibules

Sources

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