Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Rio de Janeiro, June 18th 1931) was president of the federative Republic of the Brésil from January 1st, 1995 to December 31st, 2002. It is eminent a sociologist Polyglotte which in particular taught in universities in France, with the the United Kingdom and the the United States and whose works were translated in many languages.

Personal life and professional

Born in Rio de Janeiro, he lived mainly with São Paulo. Cardoso is married and father of three children. After studies of sociology, he was professor of Political science and sociology to the Université of São Paulo. In 1969, it publishes the work Dépendance and development in Latin America with the Chilean sociologist Enzo Faletto. This work have a considerable impact. He was president of the International association of sociology of 1982 with 1986. He is member of the Institute for Advanced Study, honorary member foreign of the American Academy off Arts and Sciences. He was also director of studies associated with the École of the High Studies in Social sciences and professor invited with the Collège de France then with the Université Paris X. He also taught in many American universities in particular the Stanford University and the the University of California to Berkeley. In 2003 it was named for five years professor with the Watson Institute for International Studies of the Brown University. Cardoso is a founding member of Center one Public Dipomacy' S Advisory Board of University off Southern California. In February 2005, it gave the fourth Kissinger annual reading of the Bibliothèque of the Congress on the foreign politics and the international relations on the subject " Dependence and development in Latin America ". In 2005, Cardoso was elected according to the British magazine Prospect like one of the hundred larger alive intellectuals.

Political life

Cardoso was elected in 1982 senator of the state of São Paulo like candidate of MDB, the party of the official opposition under the military junta. Re-elected in 1986 under the label of PMDB. In 1988, with a group of members of Parliament, it left the PMDB to form PSDB. It directed the group of the PSDB to the senate until in October 1992. From October 1992 with May 1993, he was the Foreign Minister of the president Itamar Franco (PMDB). From May 1993 until in April 1994, he was Minister for Finance and initiated the Plan Réal in order to suppress the Inflation which culminated to 6000% in 1993. Haloed by the success of the Réal plan, Cardoso was elected president with the first turn of the elections, the October 3rd 1994. After having made amend the constitution in order to make it possible to the president to aspire to a second mandate, Cardoso was re-elected the October 4th 1998, with the first turn still, with 53% compared with 32% for its challenger nearest Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva to Pt. In 2000, it ordered the declassification of part of the military documents concerning the Plan Condor.

In 2003, Lula da Silva succeeded Cardoso by beating the designated successor of Cardoso, Jose Serra

Presidency of Cardoso

Cardoso, sometimes called " FHC" , was elected with the support of an alliance " cosmopolite" including/understanding its own party PSDB (of center-left) with two parties of center-right, PFL (Partido da Frente Liberal) and PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro). The greatest party of Brazil, the centrist party PMDB, united the coalition after the presidential election, just as PB (right) (Partido Progressista) in 1996.

The cohesion of this broad coalition was thus particularly low, the deputies and senators voter not always with the government. Thus although the coalition has a vast majority in the two rooms, the president had sometimes difficulties in obtain sufficient supports for his priority projects. Major reforms like the tax reform and the reform of the social security thus could only be partially realized, and this afterwards of the interminable debates.

Thanks to its passage to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its will have of sociologist of world reputation, FHC was respected on the world plan, tying friendships with in particular Bill Clinton and Ernesto Zedillo.

Although claiming Social democracy, the government of FHC took economic measures of néo-liberal prospect , like the privatization of many state enterprises and maintained the economic policy d´overture of the country to the foreign assets, established by its predecessors starting from the beginning from annés the 90. Nevertheless it increased the public expenditure for the social programs bound for poorest and kept the Inflation under control.

Its international implication

Fernando Henrique Cardoso also counts among the founding members of the ethical, political and scientific Collegium international, association which wishes to bring answers intelligent and suitable until the people of the world vis-a-vis the new challenges of our time wait.

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