Ferdinando Galiani

Ferdinando Galiani , known as the abbot Galiani , born with Chieti the December 2nd 1728 and died in Naples the October 30th 1787, was a Italian economist .

Biography

Having received with Naples and Rome an education looked after on behalf of his/her uncle, one of the most influential men of the Kingdom of Naples and whose house, Put it Galiani, was the intellectual center of the third larger European metropolis of the time, Mgr Celestino Galiani, in order to enter the Église, Ferdinando Galiani very early shows provisions for the economy and is pointed out for its great mind. At the sixteen years age, it is received by the Accademia degli Emuli. At the twenty-two years age, after its entry in the orders following what it will be known under the name of abbot Galiani , it produces two works from which the fame will extend well beyond Naples. In the first, heading Trattato beyond moneta ( Treated currency ), regarded today as traditional Italian, it is burning defender of the school mercantilist, taken again by the school of Chicago, milked of many aspects of the question of the exchanges, but with always with a special reference to the state of confusion which then characterized all the monetary system of the Neapolitan government. The second, Raccolta in Dead del Boia ( Recueil of died of the torturer ), which sat its reputation of satirist, enjoyed an extreme popularity in the Italian literary circles of the end. Galiani there parody, in a series of speech on the death of the torturer, the style of the Neapolitan authors of the time.

Political knowledge and social qualities of Galiani point out it of the king Charles IV of Naples and its liberal minister Tanucci (1698 - 1783) which name it in 1755 with the academy of Herculanum with the task to direct work of excavation in the ancient Herculanum and to describe the discoveries of them.

Named secretary with the embassy of Naples to Paris in 1759, it receives very warm welcome there and starts to attend the living rooms where it becomes acquainted with the Encyclopédiste S, and especially of Diderot with which it will bind friendship. Beyond the shared interests of these two intellectuals of Lights for fields as varied as the Literature, the Philosophy, the Arts or the Science S, Galiani will initiate Diderot with the Politique and the economy with a decisive stage in the evolution of its philosophical thought. After ten years spent to Paris in the capacity as embassy secretary, it goes back to Naples where it is named to advise with the court commercial then, in 1777, Minister for the royal fields.

Its reputation of economist was built on his Dialogs on the trade of the villages , work written in French language and published in Paris by Diderot. The light and pleasant style as well as the quickness of mind of this work enchanted Voltaire which described it like a crossing between Plato and Molière. The author, known as Pecchio, covered his arid subject as Fontenelle did it vortices of Descartes or Algarotti of the Newtonian system of the world.

The Dialogs treated question, very agitated at the time, of the freedom of the trade of corns and, in particular, the royal edict of 1764 allowing the export of the grain provided that the price does not reach a certain threshold. It maintains the principle general that the best system relating to this trade is not to have any system, each demanding country, according to him, various modes of treatment according to the circumstances. It however fell into certain from the most serious errors from the mercantilists - as Voltaire or Pietro Verri which considered that a country can grow rich only at the expense of an other - going until defending in its first treaty the devaluation of the currency by the governments.

Become celebrates, it is in correspondence with many European princes of which Frederic II. He also maintained until his death a correspondence with the friends his Parisian period which was published in 1818. Marmontel said of him: “The Galiani abbot was of his person prettiest small Arlequin which Italy had produced; but on the shoulders of this harlequin, was the head of Machiavel. ”

Works

Of the Currency (1751) , Paris, Bookstore Mr. Rivière, 1955
Dialogs on the trade of the villages , Paris, Beech, 1984 ISBN 9782213014791
Art to preserve the grains , Paris, 1770
Of the Currency , Paris, Economica, 2005 ISBN 9782717849981

Correspondence

Ferdinando Galiani and Louise d' Épinay, Correspondence I, 1769-1770 , Paris, Desjonquères, 1992 ISBN 9782904227615
Ferdinando Galiani and Louise d' Épinay, Correspondence. II, 1771- February 1772 , Paris, Desjonquères, 1993
Ferdinando Galiani and Louise d' Épinay, Correspondence. III, March 1772 - May 1773 , Paris, Desjonquères, 1994
Ferdinando Galiani and Louise d' Épinay, Correspondence. IV. June 1773 - May 1775, Paris, Desjonquères, 1996
Ferdinando Galiani, Louise d' Épinay, Correspondence. V, June 1775 - July 1782 , Paris, Desjonquères, 1997
Ferdinando Galiani, Louise d' Épinay, In the storytellers of: “Stories which do not say mot.” I. Rabelais. II. Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549). Paul Valéry; symbolism with the classicism. A citizen of Cosmopolis with: the Galiani abbot and his correspondence , Paris, university Information center, 1961
Ferdinando Galiani, Louise d' Épinay, Letters of the Galiani Abbot to Madam d' Épinay: Voltaire, Diderot, Grimm, the baron of Holbach, Morellet, Suard, of Alembert, Marmontel, the viscountess de Belsunce, etc: published according to the original editions, increased alternatives, many notes and of an index, with biographical note , Paris, G. Carpenter, 1881

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