February 30th

The February 30th is a non-existent Jour in the current Calendrier. The Month of Gregorian February of the calendars and Julien has 28 days indeed the normal years and 29 days the leap years. However, during the history, on two occasions in Soviet Union and once in Sweden, there was in fact one February 30th. With twelve recoveries also, February had thirty days in the ancient Rome, but name “February 30th” is posterior to the Romans.

Origin of the number of days of February

February counted 29 days the ordinary years of the Calendrier Julien original, and thirty days the leap years, which occurred twelve times between 710 AUC (44 av. J. - C.) and 746 AUC (8 av. J. - C.), although nine leap years only had had to take place lasting this amount of time.

It is precisely to thank the emperor Auguste for having made noticed this error that the month of August was named in its honor and that it was lengthened from 30 to 31 days, with equality with the month of July which honoured Jules César. In compensation, February was shortened from 29 to 28 days the ordinary years, and from 30 to 29 days the leap years.

The thirtieth day of February bore the name of the '' pridie calendas martias '' (“day before the Calende S of March”) at the Roman , and modern sequential classification their is posterior.

In Sweden

In 1699, the Sweden decided to pass from the Calendrier Julien to the Gregorian Calendrier by omitting the intercalary days starting from 1700 and this during forty years (see Swedish Calendrier). Thus the year 1700 was not a Leap year in Sweden, but contrary to the plan envisaged, it was the only year thus modified: 1704 and 1708 were bissextile. For this period, the Swedish calendar was thus a day advances some over the Julien calendar but always ten late days on the Gregorian calendar. In 1711, one decided to return to the calendar Julien and with this intention one added two intercalary days the following year, 1712, in February which thus lasted thirty days. This day corresponded to the February 29th of the Julien calendar and to the March 11th of the Gregorian calendar. The definitive adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Sweden took place in 1753.

In the USSR

In 1929, the Soviet Union introduced a revolutionary calendar in which each month had 30 days, and the five or six days in excess were days off belonging to no month, with the manner of the sans-culottid S of the republican Calendrier French. The years 1930 and 1931 thus had a February 30th, but in 1932 this calendar was partially abandoned and the months found their usual length.

A emblematic date

  • At the beginning of the American film Vanilla Sky , left fine 2001, one can see on the car of the main character David Aames that the label stuck on the windshield is dated February 30th, 2001 (2/30/01 in the Anglo-Saxon notation). Although the Réalisateur Cameron Crowe explains in the comment present on the DVD which it is acted in fact of an accident, this detail is representative of the virtuality characterizing at the same time the general atmosphere of film, but also this quite particular date.

  • a Belgian label of music chose to name “February 30th”.
  • In the hospital, when the birth date cannot be found, the patient known as “was born on February 30th”.

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