Faust

See also: Faust (homonymy)

The doctor Faust is the protagonist of a Conte popular German who was employed as bases of many works of fiction. This tale reports the destiny of an educated man, Johann Faust, which calls the Diable with its assistance, and offers to sell its heart to him provided that the devil agrees to serve it during 24 years. It signs with the Devil, often named Méphistophélès, the rendering of its heart. In the majority of the later versions of the tale, the heart of Faust remains his after the devil achieves its wishes.

Origin

The tale has some roots in the history. It would seem that he is founded on the life of certain Johann Georg Sabellicus called Faust (the " fist fermé") (C. 1480 - 1540), which was a alchemist German born in the village of Knittlingen, in the Wurtemberg. Melanchthon, a friend of Luther, declared that Faust had studied the magic with the Université of Cracow, in Poland. It was shown to practice the black magic, and moreover it wrote reports/ratios depreciating the miracles of Jesus and affirming that he could, if he wanted it, make some in the same way. Fears and hated by Luther and Melanchthon (which affirmed that the devil haunted Faust in the shape of a dog), its followers encouraged it to teach. After showbeing shown of molester its students, it has had to be run away to escape the sanction.

Other reports/ratios prove that it was in activity at the university of Erfurt, and apparently, while it taught Homère, in order to better explain, it revealed in front of its students (perhaps using a magic lantern) the heroes of Troy and the monsters of the Mythologie, in particular the Cyclops Polyphème. Some of these figures tried to devour, before disappearing, some terrified students.

To Erfurt, Faust, said in the presence of a monk franciscain named Konrad Klinge: “I further went than you think it and I made a promise with the demon with my own blood, to be his in eternity, body and heart”.

Another history led it to the restaurant Auerbachs Keller with Leipzig on a barrel (1525). In 1534, the German adventurer Philip von Hutten required of Faust to predict its future before exploring an area of the Venezuela, and six years after he wrote with his brother that very had occurred exactly as Faust had envisaged. Faust was put at died at Staufen in Brisgau in 1540.

Literature

A German writing bringing back his sins was translated into English in 1593, and fell into the hands from Christopher Marlowe, which locates the action of its part at Wittenberg. The Doctor Faustus of Marlowe was in its turn studied by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and the tragedy of " Faust" came to eclipse historical Faust, which one knows few things.

The life of J. Faust was written several times, in particular by Georg Wiedmann, Hamburg, 1593, and was translated into French under title of the extraordinary and lamentable History of J. Faust, large magician and enchanter , by Palma Cayet, Paris, 1674. Heumann composed a curious essay on Faust, Wittemberg, 1683.

Some thought that Faust is not other than Johann Fust of Mainz, one of the inventors of the Imprimerie, whose life would have been disfigured by the popular tales.

Faust of Nikolaus Lenau, " we reveals a search of the Vérité. Built like a poetic drama, the scenes of the life of the Héros express the Tragique Destinée. Composition Baroque and parcelled out, this work of contrasts tries to express contradictions of the beings. Work is articulated on the topics faustiens: the Nature does not deliver its secrecies, the Science is vain, the Religion does not answer nothing, the Sensualité is transitory, the family life is insipid, the Art brings only one pretense of satisfaction… Refusing very compromised, skeptic and disillusioned, Faust break with the Ordre established to escape the Doute and are let convince by a Méphistophélès brutal, ironic and condescending, that it will achieve his goal by delivering his heart to him. Its wandering and its visions are however only the Fuite in front of a cynical Rêve which carries out it failure in failure. It is Görg - the Man -, conscience of Faust, which brings the key to him while making him discover that the Liberté Désir ée is of each one of us and that it is vain to seek it elsewhere. This revelation of the free man involves the rebel towards his Destruction. Its painful adventures were only the history of a sursis". (comment of the Type-setter Philippe Fénelon)

The Faustien myth

Literature

  • the original work is anonymous and is entitled Historia von D. Johann Fausten . It is the work of reference to know the original mythological account. It goes back to 1587 and knows English editions (1587-1589), Danish (1588), Dutchwomen (1591-1592) French (1598), Czech (1611).
Complete title: History of Doctor Faust, the famous magician and Master of dark art; as it was sold with the devil for a time marked, which were, during this time, the strange adventures of which it was pilot or which it carried out and practiced itself, until finally it accepted its well deserved reward. Collected especially its own writings which it left like a terrible example and a useful lesson for all the arrogant men, insolents and atheists.

  • a version by Johann-Nicolaus Pfitzer (1674)

  • " Faust und sieben Geister" by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1759)
  • " Faust, ein Fragment" of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790)
  • Two versions by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger (1791 then 1797)
  • " Faust, eine Tragödie in einem Akt, ein Versuch" by Adalbert von Chamisso
Translations:
    • Faust I - Gerard de Nerval (1828)
    • Faust I and II - in worms, of P. Bregeault de Chastenay (1949)
    • Faust I and II - in worms, of Jean Malaplate (1984)

One finds at the time of Goethe or after this one a great number of works of value on the topic, of which:

  • " Novaja Scena meždu Faustem I Mefistofelem" of Alexandre Pouchkine (1825)
  • " Don Juan und Faust, eine Tragödie" by Christian Dietrich Grabbe (1829)
  • " Faust, ein Gedicht" of Nikolaus Lenau (1836)
  • " Der Doktor Faustus, ein Tanzpoem" of Heinrich Heine (1851)
  • " Faust, Rasskaz v devjati pismach" of Ivan Tourgueniev (1856)
  • the Portrait of Dorian Gray of Oscar Wilde perhaps read like a transposition of the myth faustien in the field of art (1891)
  • " Gestures and opinions of Doctor Faustroll, pataphysicien" of Alfred Jarry (1911)
  • the Death of Doctor Faust of Michel de Ghelderode (1925)
  • My Faust of Paul Valéry (1945-1946)
  • " Faust at the village of Jean Giono (1947)
  • Faust of Fernando Pessoa
  • Doktor Faustus of Thomas Mann (1947-1950)
  • " The man of sixty ans" of Franz Hellens (1951)
  • the Master and Marguerite of Mikhaïl Boulgakov
  • " Your Faust" of Michel Bittern (1962)
  • Jack Faust of Michael Swanwick (Romance of Science fiction);
  • Eric, Faust of Terry Pratchett
  • Faust of Jean Louvet (1984)

Music

  • Damnation of Faust of Hector Berlioz;
  • Scenes of Faust de Goethe of Robert Schumann;
  • Faust-Symphony of Franz Liszt;
  • Imagination on the topic of Faust or Faust-Imagination for violin and accompaniment of orchestra or piano of Henryk Wieniawski;
  • Faust , opera of Charles Gounod;
  • Small Faust , comic opera in 3 acts of Herve
  • Eighth Symphony of Gustav Mahler;
  • History of the soldier of Igor Stravinski;
  • Doktor Faustus , opera of Ferruccio Busoni;
  • Your Faust , opera of Henri Pusher (with Michel Bittern).
  • Faustus, the last night , opera of Pascal Dusapin (created in 2006 in Staastoper of Berlin and the Opera of Lyon);
  • Faust of first CD of the group Gorillaz;
  • Absynthe With Faust , song of Cradle off Filth drawn from the album Nymphetamine left in 2004;
  • Damnation of Faust , opera of Alfred Schnittke and the Cantata Faust , extracted the same opera (they are primarily the airs).
  • Faustmusik , of Einstürzende Neubauten, for the part of Werner Schwab;
  • Faust of Winslow Leach in the film Phantom off the Paradise of Brian de Palma
  • Albums Spiced and The Black Halo of the group Heavy Metal Kamelot;
  • Ravelled of Faust , Composed by Mr. Philibert (it is a medley the most known topics of the opera of Charles Gounod):
  • Alma Sola , opera in the open shape of Alain Bonardi, on a text of Christine Zeppenfeld;
  • Faustus last night of Pascal Dusapin, text of the type-setter starting from the work of Marlowe, 2006;
  • Faust opera of Louis Spohr (1816);
  • Modern Faust of Freedom For King Kong;
  • Faust , opera of Philippe Fénelon on the booklet of Nikolaus Lenau, World Creation, Theater of Capitole of Toulouse (2007).

Dance

See also: Faust (ballet)

Cinema

Painting

  • Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt, Faust , 1650 - 1652, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam;
  • Eugene Delacroix, Faust and Méphistophélès , (1827) as well as many illustrations, Delacroix Museum;
  • Peter Cornelius, The Vision off the Rabenstein , (1811), drawing with ink, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt.

Cartoon

Literature youth

  • the secrecy of Endymion Spring of Matthew Skelton (2006)

Video game

  • Faust : seven plays of the heart

External bonds

  • Faust - Der Tragödie erster Teil, Goethe, text in German
  • Faust I of Goethe, in French on Wikisource
  • a tight study of '' Faust (of Goethe) ''
  • the review " Under the sign of Faust" (1997), published by the Public library and academic of Neuchâtel (Swiss) an important bibliography contains on Faust.
  • http://www.metavolution.org/modx/faust.html the site of the members of historical association North pole, called a time faustologists.

Partial source

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