Fars

The Fars or Leave (Persan: RTL F فارس fārs or RTL F پارس pārs) is one of the thirty provinces of Iran, in the south-west of the country. Its capital is Chiraz. The population of the province is estimated at 4 323 626 inhabitants in 2004. Fars has a surface of 122.416 km ².

Fars is the ground of origin of the Persans. The local name of the language Persian is the fārsi or pārsi . Persian and Persan derive both from the hellenized form Persis coming from the root Pārs . Fārs is the arabized version of Pars . The Old man-Persan word in was Pārsā . In the Antiquity, Fars was called Perside.

Geography and climate

The mounts Zagros stretch the North-West in the south-east of the province, dividing the province into two distinct geographical areas. First is located at the north-north-west, whereas second is located at the south-south-east of the province and are mountainous high plateaus. According to last divisions, the departments of the province are the following: Estahban, Abadeh, Eqleed, Bovanat, Jahrum, Darab, Sepidan, Shiraz, Fasa, Firouzabad, Kazeroon, Lar, Lamerd, Marvdasht, Mamasani, Khonj and Nayreez.

There exist three ic areas Climat distinct daN the province of Fars. The first is the mountainous region of the north and the North-West of the province, which has moderate cold Hiver S and be S moderate. Second is consisted of the central areas, with rainy and moderated winters and hot and dry summers. Lastly, the last area is located at the south and in south-east, it has moderate winters and very hot summers. The average temperature with Shiraz is of 16,8 °C annually, being spread out between 4,7 °C and 29,2 °C.

History and culture

Before the Islam, two named Persan kings Cyrus Large the and Ardechir Babakan took importance starting from Anshan and created the great dynasties Achéménides and Sassanides respectively. Alexandre Large the founded to him also cities in the area.

The cities of Fars opposed a savage resistance to the Arab during the Islamic Conquête of Persia, particularly in the zones around Istakhr. The province, however, just as all Persia, finally did not resist the conquest.

Fars then passed with hand in hand lasting of many dynasties, thus leaving many historic buildings, each one having its own values like world heritage, thus reflecting the history of the province, the Iran and the Western Asia. The ruins of Bishapur, Persépolis and Firuzabad are the witnesses.

Thanks to its geographical characteristics and with the proximity with the Persian Gulf, Fars for a long time was a zone of settlement for various native or emigrated tribes of other parts of the world like the Aryens, the Sémites and the Peuples Turkish which were under the influence of the Iranian culture. However, the original tribes of Fars include the Kachkaïs, Mamasani, Khamseh and Kohkiluyeh, which succeeded in keeping their single cultures and lifestyles and which thus constitute part of the cultural heritage of this area.

Historic sites

Between Ispahan and Chiraz and while going from north towards the south one meets Pasargades (in Greek old Πασαργαδών pasargadốn , in Persan پاسارگاد pāsārgād ) site of the palate and the tomb of Cyrus I {{er}}.

More in the south and always on a plate whose altitude is of thousand five hundred meters, Naqsh-e Rostam (Persan نقشرستم naqš-e rostam , “the portrait of Rostam”) is the necropolis of the Achéménides where one finds some Bas-relief S of time sassanide.

With a few kilometers towards Chiraz one finds the city of Persépolis (in Greek Περσέπολις Persépolis , into Persan تختجمشيد taḫt jemšīd , “throne of Jamshid”). There are the palates of Darius I {{er}} (Apadana), of Xerxès I {{er}}, Xerxès II, Artaxerxès I {{er}} and Artaxerxès II.

Finally in the south of Chiraz one can see on another plate sprinkled well and favourable with the Intensive agriculture the site of Firuz Abbad which was the capital of the Sassanides (224 - 637). This site keeps the remainders of the palate of the king Ardéchir I {{er}}.

The name of the sites

If the site of the necropolis achéménide bears the name of Rostam it is because one with vintage that the low reliefs represented the history of Rostam hero of the Livre of the kings (Shâh Nâmâ), of Firdawsi (932-1020), whereas they represent the sassanides Ardéchir Ier and the king Chapur Ier. In the same way this mythical epopee of the Persian kings gave his Persan name to the site of Persépolis, Takht-e Jamshid . Jamshid is a king whose reign is counted in this epopee at one unspecified time but before the achéménides. Jamshid started by being liked of the people but at the end of its life, it ends up believing the equal one of the gods. The Arab historian Tabarî (839-923) makes the inventor of the idols of it.

The Greek name of Persépolis comprises an ambiguity, it can certainly mean the city of Persians (περσις+πολις persis+polis perse+ville ), but also destroyed city (περσω+πολις persō+polis détruire+ville ) perhaps referring to the destruction of this city by Alexandre Large the into 330 before J. - C.

Modern Fars

Shiraz is along the main roads between Teheran and the south of the Iran. The communications in Fars are rather easy between the various zones of plates, of the relatively short processions making it possible to pass from the one to the other.

Agriculture is always very important in Fars. The principal products are the cereals (corn and barley), the citrus fruits, the dates, the beet sugar and cotton.

Fars has petrochemical installations, an oil refinery, a factory of production of tires and car accessories, an electronic heavy industry and a sugar refinery.

Tourism is also important in the province. Many visitors come to admire the craft industry in addition to the historic sites. The craft industry allows the production of silver objects, of objects out of wooden inlaid, Giveh with Abadeh, Gilim to Firouzabad, of candies with Fasa and juice of lemon and gasolines of plants with Shiraz.

UNESCO indicated a reserve of the biosphere in the area, called Arjan (also known under the name of Dasht E Arjan).

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