Family of antibiotic

Antibiotic beta-lactam antibiotics: Penicillin S and Cephalosporine S

These molecules have a core (cycle Beta-lactam) which is the effective part of the molecule. Variations on the level of the natural or grafted side chain allowing to modify the properties of the antibiotic molecule.

For example the contribution of a grafted chain involves a resistance to the acids (Gastric juice) and allows the ingestion of antibiotic by oral way.

This method increases the diversity and the spectrum of action by circumventing resistances of the bacteria and of their Enzyme S of degradation (Beta-lactamase).

Certain penicillins can be associated with an inhibiter with beta-lactamases. It is about a molecule having a cycle beta-lactam but not having any antibiotic activity: it will divert the action of the bacterial enzymes on it.

Aminoside S

They are molecules containing sugars, generally amino. Among these molecules, most known is the Streptomycine discovered by Waksman. The aminosides are generally used in combination with other antibiotics, like the β-lactamines, in the case of severe infections nosocomiales. To strong amount, these molecules have a toxicity for the kidneys and the ears and their administration must be the subject of precautions. By general way, they are mainly used in hospital medium. One also finds them in forms associated with administrations by external way (auricular bandages, drops, eye lotions…).

Cycline S

These molecules have as a characteristic to have four cycles coupled. They are able to penetrate the cells eucaryotes. They thus have as a target the intracellular parasites (Example: Chlamydia pneumoniae ). These molecules are Bactériostatique S thus there is a risk of repetition.

Phénicol S

Very simple molecules, synthesized now by the chemists organicians. It is mainly of the Chloramphénicol and the Thiamphénicol. They have a very broad spectrum of action but resistances are numerous and have many side effects, amongst other things a risk of Agranulocytose. In Belgium, they are prohibited of internal use, just as of veterinary use.

Macrolide S

These molecules have macrocycles often associated with neutral or amino sugars. These antibiotics are able to diffuse in fabrics, even inside the cells. They are thus active on the intracellular germs. They are used in the case of the atypical lung infections (Légionellose, infection with Chlamydia ), certain infections with streptocoques, entérocoques, Staphylocoque S mongrel. However their use is delicate because of many side effects and medicamentous interactions.

The Kétolide S, macrolides of last generation, are interesting because of the extension of their activity to the pneumococcus of sensitivity decreased to penicillin (or PSDP ). Their side effects and counter-indications are however the same ones.

Polypeptide S

Very toxic molecules with a very limited use.

Quinolone S

Molecules derived from the acid nalidixic

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