The faluche is the traditional cap students of France and replaces the hat dating from the Moyen-âge. It is a Béret of decorated black velvet of ribbons of color and badges.

In the beginning, “faluche” is the name of the beret carried by several student's traditions, in particular the Bitard S, the basochards and the faluchards. With the wire of time, the faluche was associated almost exclusively with the faluchards , whereas other folklores carry it.

The port of the faluche symbolizes its life of student. He testifies to the interest carried to the life and the traditions of his university. The faluchard spirit is before all a great fraternity and a respect of the others in the idea rabelaisienne.

The faluche is also the name of a bread of Flandres.

History

Following demonstrations in 1884, is born the General association from the students of Paris (“has”). The June 12th 1888 the Parisian students are invited to celebrate the 800 years of the Université of Bologna. The French delegation, with their brightened dark clothing of one rosette to the buttonhole and a ribbon in saltire with the colors of the town of Paris, filled with wonder by the greatest meeting at costumes and hairstyles schoolgirls at the world, felt " pauvre". Indeed, one could see there ravelling all the forms of costumes and hairstyles of the European students: the Warp end S of the student Belgians of laic faculties, the Spaniards raised the tunas and their capes with ribbons, signs of their membership of a precise university, the German caps, broad caps punts without edges, the thin kepis with small visors of the Switzerland students, the hat way Louis XI of the Italian students, etc It thus decided to raise a specific hairstyle for the French students present. It chooses the black velvet beret of the inhabitants of the area bolonaise in remembering the congress which was, appears he, splendid.

But it is the June 25th 1888, at the time of the return of the delegation in Paris, that the faluche is really launched. Its port spread at the time of the Life centenary of the Université of Montpellier which took place of the 22 to the May 25th 1890. At the origin, it was carried virgin then appeared the circular ribbon, the badges, the ribbons…

At the time of the German occupation during the Second world war, the port of the faluche is interdict with a tolerance the day of the Saint Nicolas. She is considered to be too nationalist; the Germans see there a means of gathering and resistance (system of messages coded with the badges). For anecdote, on November 11th, 1940, the national union of the students expresses in faluche on the Fields-Élysées; the Germans open fire (commemorative plaque close to the Triumphal arch).

The events of May 1968 calling with a rejection of any yoke involve a rejection in mass of the cap coed.

The codes, initially transmitted orally, diverged according to the universities. This is why a synthesis was made with Lille the March 8th 1986; this one is inspired by the Toulouse code. It was adopted like national code in December 1986 with Toulouse and it is at this time there that the concept of Large Master begins. Then in 1988, at the time of the centenary of Faluche with Rheims, is published a new more complete code taking account of the characteristics montpelliéraines.

The same year takes place congress the 100 years of the faluche, in Rheims. Since, a congress-birthday takes place every year in a different city.

Organization

The faluchards in the majority of the dies and for each city elect a Large-Master ( GM ) appointed like guarantor of the traditions and supported by a Large-Chamberlain ( GC ) whom it chooses. Their badge is a registered cross of the expression to the merit , which they carry at the end of a ribbon of the color of their die. The cross of GM is enamelled of white and that of GC is gilded, (in Poitiers, Valence and Grenoble, the GC have a ribbon points some without cross with the colors of their discipline). The science students of Montpellier and Tours also have a Large Alchemist (GA).

There exist also three bishops “reigning” each one on part of France: they result from the towns of Amiens, Dijon and Poitiers. The bishop is recognized for his empathy and is charged to regulate the conflicts like celebrating the marriages faluchards.

In Nice there exist also 12 knights whose symbol is the port of the kilt, representing different faluchés the niçois, charged with organizing the faluchages and to be the guards of the traditions. The GM and GC are selected among the knights. There exists even a code specific to the knighthood falucharde niçoise.

There exist also orders within the faluche. The membership of a brotherhood can be announced on the faluche by a ribbon or a badge particular to each brotherhood.

A codified cap

The colors and badges related to the faluche recall the life of the student. A written code makes it possible to ensure a homogeneity within the movement faluchard so that each student can “read” the faluche and thus know the course of each person.

A synthesis of the various regional codes is carried out on March 8th, 1986 in Lille. The descendant of this national code is updated each year since the centenary of the faluche in 1988.

Circular

The circular is covered with a fabric band taking again the colors of the studied discipline. This fabric is out of safe satin for the dies having milked with health where it is out of velvet. The color makes it possible to differentiate the dies.

Characteristics

The controls cities by the national code

Without to have a particular code, many cities comprise characteristics or traditions. Some are former to the national harmonization of the code and perdurent today.

• With Amiens, Rheims and Rouen the ribbons of city and areas are out of velvet, pointing out thus the tradition tisserande these cities.

• With Bordeaux, the currency is on the circular, under the nickname. The badges on the circular are embroidered.
• has Creteil, the color of the students in enology have a circular green salmon following an error to copy/stick. Moreover, in Creteil the death's-head is in the middle of the faluche.
• has Dijon, the ribbons are out of velvet because it is the city which organized the General states in 1989
• With Grenoble, the initial ones are in embroidered letters and the ribbon of the great chamberlains is cut at a peak without it not carrying a cross. There is no oath at the end of the baptism.
• has Lille, nothing does not hang a faluche, with share the ribbons of elected officials, the ribbon of the large cutting machine and the ribbon of official virgin (Droit characteristic), Grelot, the Crosses of GM and GC, the skittle (for those aillant carried out their military service), hung (groom).
• With Lyon, the military students of the department of health of the armies, or santards , carries a third ribbon, blue-white-red, between the two other ribbons. In the middle of this tricolor ribbon is the badge of the École of the department of health of the armies of Lyon-Bron. In pharmacy, always in Lyon, only and single attribute of the large Master is a sun carried to the frontal, with the top of the circular green Into dental, the ribbon of the circular is Bordeaux wine, as with Rennes. For the AES the badges and colors are: red satin with sword and balances and letters AES.
• has Nancy, there were several characteristics but it was decided more to apply them to stop the drifts. For example, the wise women carried until 2003 a red velvet (for medicine) with a lace edging. The coeds of the ESSTIN carried until 2002 a light blue satin.
• With Nantes the personal parts and coeds are reversed. A red pompom is drawn up at the top pointing out the harbor origins of the city. By extension this symbol is tolerated for any origin of a port city.
• the students into dental raise a ribbon of purple velvet circular with a red velvet edging which recalls their first year of medicine.
• the economic science students have like emblem the caduceus mercury and the balance (they were accommodated by the Droit corporation after the room of association had burned).
• has Nice, Faluche is directed by a council of 12 knights of the faluche designated by their pars. The large Master, the great chamberlain and the large informer are named among them.
• With Poitiers, all the ribbons are braided. The color of the Sage-femme circular is out of red velvet, identical to the Médecine circular but with the cross of Ankh. The bishop of the south is named there. The nounours was created there.
• With Rouen, there exists a third cross, that of the GD (Large Informer) which has as a role to prepare and to manage the “sanctions” during the baptisms. The former engineers have as a circular, a large blue ribbon with a black edging in the medium. The Medical students (who place their caduceus on velvet and not on the circular) reverse the sides personnel and official of their faluche. The students in right do not carry the colors of the town of Rouen but those of Jeanne d' Arc and their ribbons are not out of velvet but out of satin, (to be noted that this tradition is erased little by little). It is finally one of the only port cities not to raise the pompom.
• With Toulon the faluche does not have a Large Master nor of Great chamberlain. It is an assembly of Resident of Toulon which decides on the jury and the officiants at the beginning of the baptism by vote.
• With Valence the color of a circular BTS is red, white, red. Moreover, the GM and GC are called Bitards Valentinois (in honor of Bitards Poitevins and Tourangeaux because the first GM Valentinois were established by our neighbors of Poitou-Charentes and the Center). There exists a " braid of sponsorship " (with the colors of the town of birth and the province of birth), it is offered by the godson to the godfather when he estimates his completed work.

Local codes

The Alsatian faluchards and montpelliérains have a code different from that usually called national code ;

• In Alsace

The faluche Alsatian date of 1909, whereas the students in pharmacy of Strasbourg bring back it of a congress of Nancy, in rallying sign to the French ideas. In Alsace, the code evolved/moved very little. The evolutions are primarily due on arrival of new dies. In addition to differences in terms of colors of dies, badges and of provision of the ribbons, the Alsatian faluche is recognizable with the existence of velvet passers by on a flexible circumference (without reinforcement of leather or plastic), and of a mobile circular (which is not bent on the aforementioned circumference). The membership of the faluchard to the board of directors or the office of an association of die results in the presence of a “V” on the basis of the back of the faluche and pointing towards its center, with the colors of the die. In addition, there exists in its center neither Large Masters, neither Great chamberlains, nor Bishops. A collegial assembly old faluchards (Old VAT for Très Worthy, co-opted among the old faluchards, which has more than two years of faluche), all confused dies, have the role of being the guarantors of the traditions faluchardes, in others at the time of the various ceremonies. They do not remain about it less faluchards like the others. Some faluchards (especially in medicine) carry the ribbon of the memory in memory of the left Alsatian students to Clermont-Ferrand during the Second world war.

• With Montpellier

The faluche is characterized by the presence from four burst with the colors from the studied principal discipline, thus forming four parts of black velvet equal. This tradition pays homage to Rabelais which made its studies with the Medical college of Montpellier at the 16th century.

Congress birthday

At the time of the centenary of the cap, the faluchards organize a congress in Rheims. Since, the initiative is raised each year.

• Centenary of the faluche, in Rheims, of the June 25th and 26th 1988

• General states of the faluche, in Dijon, from June 23rd to 25th 1989
• national Convention of the faluche, in Lille, from June 22nd to 24th 1990

Then birthdays of the faluche:

• 103e: Clermont-Ferrand, from June 23rd to 25th 1991
• 104e: Poitiers, from June 24th to 26th 1992
• 105e: Nancy, from July 3rd to 5th 1993
• 106e: Toulouse, of the 1e at July 3rd, 1994
• 107e: Paris, from June 30th to July 2nd, 1995
• 108e: Orleans, from June 28th to 30th 1996
• 109e: Montpellier, from June 27th to 29th 1997
• 110e: Rheims, from July 3rd to 5th 1998
• 111e: Grenoble, from June 25th to 27th 1999
• 112e: Lille, from June 30th to July 2nd, 2000
• 113e: Poitiers, of June 29th to the 1e July 2001
• 114e: Paris, from June 28th to 30th 2002
• 115e: Bordeaux, from June 27th to 29th 2003
• 116e: Toulouse, from July 2nd to 4th 2004
• 117e: Lyon, from July 8th to 10th 2005
• 118e: Amiens, from July 7th to 9th 2006; cancelled , organized in Blois at the same dates (by faluchards of Paris and Brest)
• 119e: Montpellier, of June 29th to the 1e July 2007
• 120e: envisaged in Rheims, the summer 2008

Other folklores faluchards

Though the faluche is, according to its code, the prerogative of the students of France, it was range also in Belgium, though under various denominations.

The faluche inhabitant of Li2ege

It is after having lived a form of hazing that in the school of the secondary of arms manufacture Leon Mignon, since roughly 1960 and this during ten years, the faluche was decreed. It was replaced there then by brown warp ends, but the General association of the Students of Liege curbed these practices. That revolted a little the students because more than 90% of the pupils were there of French origin, and the majority of those had already their baccalaureat! But it is necessary to leave the academics what is their distinctive mark.

The student is not discovered for anybody when it is “in faluche”. This bonnet will disappear little from time after the first war. It will reappear without much success after 1945, at the time of the congresses of the Association of the Students of French Expression.

The Fund Jean-Denys Boussart placed on the Net a collection of faluches old inhabitants of Li2ege. One of them comes obviously from the Faculty of Pharmacy, which seems logical since Song of Pharma and that of the school of arms manufacture are on the same air, and only some words change. This song seems resulting from a song French faluchard students in pharmacy.

The beret of Bohemian

“They go by group, merry young people and, the ones débraillés, the others pimpants and vain, capped velvet beret and making whirl yellow canes of false snap ring. ” This cover-chief became then that of the students flamingants of Leuwen (garnet-red color).

The faluche of the U.L.B.

Jean Dratz immortalisa only of the faluches of ULB in its student's songs, forsaking the Penne however presents. In 1905, one carries much more the warp end that the faluche which disappeared completely in 1950.

Flatters

“The arrival of the first hairstyles of the flamingants in Leuwen caused the search for a means of disqualifying them. One baptized this cover-chief of the not very esthetic name of “Flatters” to point out the excrement which the cow deposits on the pre one. ” In Brussels, a named beret “Flatters” is always decreed nowadays in a French-speaking school of art private.

The beret of Art

The St-Luc school of Liege decrees what they name “Berets of Art”, which are in fact of the faluches with visor.

Other student folklores

In France

• the trad' S (traditions) of the Gadz' arts of the 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of arts and trades (ENSAM),

• berets and blouses for ENI.
• the Khâlot: in some classes prépa
• the Bitard S and Basochards with Poitiers
• the blouse with the University of technology of Belfort-Montbeliard - UTBM

Caps coeds in the world

• Belgium: cap and Warp end

• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: cap
• Italy: feluca (also called pileo, () or berretto universitario
• Swiss: stella, Company of the Humanities

Sources

• the faluche, history, decoding and analyzes , Guy Daniel, thesis for the doctorate in medicine, Lille, 1990 (College library - Section of Medicine - Lille 50375 1990 166)
• the symbolic system of the faluche , K. Sliding gauge, master's paper of ethnology, Strasbourg, 1991-1992
• the faluche, birth and rebirth , C. Lambert, thesis for the doctorate of pharmacy, 1993
• the faluche, a form of student's sociability , Manuel Ségura, master's paper of history, Poitiers, 1994
• the faluche, inherited beret, beret heirs , NR. Rome, master's paper of sociology, Angers, 1994
• Symbolism and the faluchard movement , Mr. Collins, Sunderland England, 1999 (in English)
• Little story of the students inhabitant of Li2ege” J-D. Boussart With the sign of the Eagle with two-heads for the General union of the Students of Liege at the time of the 150e birthday of the University of Liege, 1967
• Student and coeds , Fortunat Strowski, Flammarion, 1931
• Io Vivat or the students of the University , J. Koot Brussels 1983
• Source: Dhaenens-Lammens company & Co, hatters, 28 rue Gallait 1030 Bruxelles
• Source: Guiness, baptized in Liege in 1988 - remarks collected in May 2006.

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