False flag

The operations false flag (“under forgery house” or “under false banner”) are actions carried out with use of the marks of recognition of the enemy, within the framework of special operations.

Their statute

The trick, including in the form of the disguise, always belonged to the arsenal of the warrior or the soldier. The Convention of $the Hague of 1907 recognized this fact in its article 23 which prohibited the unsuitable use uniform enemy. An amendment was written after the Second world war in order to raise the ambiguity of this formula, specifying that it is the use of the weapons under enemy uniform which is aimed.

Famous cases

the Incidental of Mukden in 1931, planned by the Japanese who showed the Chinese to have perpetrated the attack, thus giving to the pretext to the immediate invasion of the south of the Mandchourie by the Armée imperial Japanese woman.
the incidental of Gleiwitz in 1939, assembled of all parts by the Germans to serve as a pretext for the invasion of Poland by Germany.
In September 1942, three detachments of the Long Arranges Serves Group , ordered by colonel Stirling, had invested Tobrouk with an aim of removing Erwin Rommel, the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps. It failed owing to the fact that, the day before, a member of the detachment under enemy uniform in charge of removal, a Jew of German origin, had been recognized by an officer of Africa Korps. Arrété and questioned, it had delivered sufficient information so that the operation turns to the fiasco for the British. In spite of the fact that they fought under German uniform, the prisoners were treated as prisoners of war.
on October 13rd, 1944, the Ranger S of the OS of the Donovan general had seized the strengthened stations controlling the corridor of Aachen as a combatant under the German uniform. It is, according to Otto Skorzeny, which gave the idea to Hitler of the Griffon operation.
One of the most famous operations false flag , baptized Griffon, left the Rundstedt offensive of December 16th 1944, said Bataille of the Ardennes was directed by colonel SS Otto Skorzeny. Gone up on Jeeps, eight teams of four men each one had infiltrated far behind the American lines and had sown the disorder, and sometimes panic, by their false indications and information. To have controlled this operation commando, Otto Skorzeny was continued, like its men, for war crime and undergoes a lawsuit with Dachau (it was acquity, the orders given having been to leave the American uniform before starting any combat).
At the time of the Operation Susannah in 1954, (known also under the name of Lavon Business) an Israeli network made up of 13 Egyptian Jews made a series of bomb attacks flamer against British and American buildings with the Cairo and Alexandria. The objective was that these terrorist acts are allotted to the Egyptian nationalists in order to prevent any bringing together between Egypt nassérienne and Anglo-Saxon powers.
the Operation Northwoods in 1962, which consisted in particular of the organization of a series of attacks against the United States by the staff interarmées American itself, so as to charge the responsibility for it to the cuban mode. The goal was to justify with the eyes of the American opinion an intervention of the American armed forces against Cuba and to obtain the diplomatic support, even military, of the Western nations. The Northwoods operation, revealed by official documents déclassifiés in 1997, was never implemented because president J.F. Kennedy opposed it.

Other cases known as False flag

the Fire of the Reichstag in 1933 by a Communist isolated Marinus Van der Lubbe, was a long time prone to controversy, because immediate pretext with the crushing of the German Communist party by the Nazis all coldly with the capacity. In margin of the official version, one suspecta thus as much a Plot of the Nazis, which could have to contribute to them-even to the fire.

more recently, according to several defectors of FSB (successor of the KGB) of which Alexandre Litvinenko poisoned with the polonium 210 in 2006, the series of attacks in the area of Moscow which, during two weeks in 1999, destroyed several residential buildings making nearly 300 dead would be an operation false flag which would have been organized by the Russian secret services. Operation false flag or not, this wave of attacks allotted to Tchétchènes traumatisa the Russian population and served as a pretext for the release of the Second war of Chetchnia.

the alleged group Zionist Movement of action and defense Masada, which practiced an bomb attack against a Parisian bookstore of the Liberation organization of Palestine (PLO) in October 1972, and two other attacks with Cannes and Nice in 1988 was actually a group Néo-Nazi, of which the members one stopped in 1989, who sought to poke hatred in France between Juifs and Musulmans of France by using these attacks false flag.

Historical theses discussed over the Italian years of lead

Lastly, the paramilitary network Gladio , the Italian branch Stay-behind of NATO, would have according to some theories of the plot practiced such attacks in Italy at the time of the Années of lead. Indeed, the attack of December 1969 of Piazza Fontana as well as the Attack of the station of Bologna of 1980, put on the back of the red Brigades at the time, would have aimed at preventing, within the framework of the “Stratégie of the tension”, the historical Compromis between the Christian Democrat (cd.) and the Italian Communist party (NCV). These attempts at bringing together between the two Italian historical parties showed the assassination of the Prime Minister and chief of cd. Aldo Moro, by the group of the red Seconds Brigades directed by Mario Moretti. If the circumstances of this assassination remain mysterious to date, the Italian State was characterized by great intransigence during the negotiations and the chief of SISMI, member of the cabin P2, having been condemned for “negligence” at the time of this business, the neofascist terrorist Vincenzo Vinciguerra declared in the Années 1980 with the judge Felice Casson that the attack of Piazza Fontana, which marks the Italian beginning of the year of lead, aimed at pushing the Italian State to declare the state of emergency and to found an authoritarian regime in Italy thus. One discovered later, at Licio Gelli, the large-Master of the maconnic cabin Propaganda Due , a “plan of rebirth democratic” which determined the stages of this fascistic Conspiration.

See too

Otto Skorzeny
Gladio and the “Strategy of the tension”