Fair and red branch

The fair branch and red correspond to a whole of bovine races originating in the south-west of the Europe and Atlantic facade of the North Africa.

Origin

The fair branch would be of French origin and the red branch of Iberian origin.
Indeed, the site of the association of the stockbreeders of Rubia Gallega declares that this race arrived of Celtic France with the people " Gaël". Contrary, the salers is the only race of the red branch of this branch to being high in France. It probably crossed the Pyrenees in opposite direction. There exists indeed in Spain and with the Portugal a great number of races of the red branch.
Il would be then possible that the two branches result from the domestication of Bos primigenius , this last presenting of the alternatives on both sides of the the Pyrenees.
Currently, several distinct hearths exist in Europe:

in the south-west of Europe. (South-west of France, Portugal and the North-West of Spain.
in the North-East of the the Alps exists several races with weak manpower which are not officially blondes. It is about a distinct branch having given the same characters. The Gelbvieh results from crossings between Swiss origin (Pie red of the mountains and brown) and branch of Races from the littoral from the North Sea. Other races in Germany (nipple-rind and Limpurg) and Fair Austria of Carinthie (Kärntern blondvieh), Waldviertler blondvieh) could also come from crossings.
in the south-east of France several races were known before war, in the valleys of the Rhone and the Saone.
in the north of Italy: the Reggiana.

A possible bond between these races, comes that their place of origin belonged to the maximum surface of extension of the people Ibère in the Antiquité. A race domesticated by these people would have could be located various zones.
Il is as possible as Spanish cattle contributed to the creation of the Austrian fair races when the empire of the Habsbourg gathered the two nations. (the fact is proven for the horses: the Lipizzan has blood Pure Spanish race)

Characters

These races have an intermediate size with large and mucous membranes clear. (dew) the dress is linked, fair or red.
Ce is rustic races which support well the outdoor and the even poor conditions of breeding. (rigorous winter, heat, pastures poor)
Ces races presents all a good aptitude for the production of meat. They result from races selected for work. (muscular, flexible)

Related races

It is divided into two branches, by the color but also the use.

Blondes

They are races of work, reorientated towards the meat since mechanization. They give muscular animals to the fine framework and thus of the carcasses to good or very good output. The cows vèlent well and are of good mothers, even if sometimes they miss milk to raise a heavy calf.

Blondes of south-west

This branch was selected intensively, giving races has effective important and in the course of extension. They are beef breeds very specialized.

Spain

Pirenaica, Rubia Gallega

France

Fair Inhabitant of Béarn, Betizu, of Aquitaine, Limousine, Lourdian.

Bazadaise? : although of dress dark gray, it has all the other characters common to these races: clear mucous membranes, beef breed resulting from a race of effective work.

Portugal

Galega

Morocco: Oulmès

Blondes of the south-east of France

Connect almost disappeared from mixed cows, milk and meat: Villard de Lans, Bressane (disappeared), Mézine (disappeared). Their type corresponds well to that of the blondes of south-west, but the history does not specify how they arrived there.

Reds

They are mixed races. Raised like nursing cows, they are required in crossing or pure for their capacity with nourishing their calf well.

Spain: Retinta, Berrenda will negra, Berrenda colorada.
France: Salers
Portugal: Alentejana, Garvonesa or Chamusca. (subrace of Alentejana)

See too

List of the bovine races of France
Bovine
Breeding

Sources

Daniel BABO " Bovine races françaises" with the editions agricultural France. (Introduction: bovine big families in Europe)

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