First aid > Gestures of first urgency > Malayan ----
A Malayan is a “evil at ease”, a painful feeling felt by the victim (conscious), and which represents a faulty operation of the organization; it can be provisional or durable, to occur suddenly or gradually. Contrary to the traumatisms and wounds, one cannot determine the cause of it. The person itself can not be conscious of this faintness, that will see herself then by external signs. Faintness can have like origin a known or ignored disease, a preceding accident whose consequences were neglected, or an intoxication.
If the initial state of the person is not worrying (the person is conscious), the hidden affection can be serious and involve a vital distress. It is advisable thus imperatively to take the opinion of a doctor who will make a diagnosis (for example to contact the doctor of the Samu while telephoning the “15” in France, to compose the “112” in the European Union), will determine if faintness is benign or serious and will decide action to be taken.
Action to be taken
If the Malayan passed, without continuation, a doctor visit is strongly advised.
The action to be taken for the rescuer, who notes it Malayan in progress, is the following one:
- protection: to put the person at rest, if possible at the shelter of the glances and protected from the bad weather; one proposes the reclining position, or in the event of problem of breathing one puts it sitted or semi-base, except if the person adopts another position spontaneously (it is the victim which feels the most comfortable position, to see the article Position of waiting); if the victim is agitated, to insulate it, to move away the objects with which it could be wounded or wound somebody;
- to raise the complaints of the person (feelings, pains) and to raise the abnormal signs;
- to question the person (or if it cannot speak her entourage) on her usual health condition:
- * “Since how long lasts this faintness? ”
- * “did you already present this type of faintness? ”
- * “do you Take drugs? ”
- * “were you seriously sick or hospitalized? ”
- to call the medical emergency (in France the 15 for the Samu, or in the European Union 112), even if the victim is opposed to it, and retransmettre collected information; to answer the questions of the doctor and to take his advice. Preferably, telephone far from the victim (the victim can be distressed and to become it still more if for example it is specified that it is pale, it does not know it inevitably). But it can be interesting for the doctor to speak itself with the person, if she can it (advantage of the cordless phones or portables if the victim cannot go to the telephone).
Specific signs and complaints
A certain number of signs and complaints private individuals will allow the doctor known Samu to evaluate the state of the victim. These signs and complaints are alarm signals which it is advisable to seek to transmit them at the time of the call to the first-aid organizations:
- pain tightening the chest, as in a vice
- pain with the intense belly, and which lasts or repeats
- the victim cold and present of abundant sweats whereas it did not make effort and that surrounding heat is not important
- the victim present an intense paleness; at the people having a hauled or coloured skin, that can be seen on the face interior of the lips
- the victim has evil to breathe
- the victim has evil to speak, or the fact with great difficulties (for example inaudible or incomprehensible words, stops deformed)
- the person presents a paralysis of the arm or leg, even transitory
- abnormal agitation (violent victim, or which presents abrupt and uncontrolled movements).
Particular cases
If the person has a medical care to take in the event of faintness, one helps the person to take his treatment: the disease was already diagnosed by a doctor, who prescribed this treatment, and the victim knows this regulation. If she does not remember the regulations and that she does not have her ordinance on her, for the opinion of the doctor (samu) is asked. Let us note what it is not a question to manage the drug (clean role of the Infirmier), but to help the person to take her treatment, i.e. one helps it to seek his treatment in his business and that possibly water glass is brought to him.
Certain people will ask for Sucre spontaneously. In this case, one gives them sugar (sugar is a drug for some of these people).
If not, one abstains from giving anything, neither drug, neither with drinking nor to eat, without medical opinion.
Faintnesses and diseases
The Malayan concept of in first aid (and generally for the general public) is broader than the medical concept (Malaise vagal, Lipothymie and syncope), it gathers hidden diseases and traumatisms. Among the common causes of faintness, let us note the cerebral vascular accidents (brain attack), the Myocardial infarction (crisis or heart attack), the crises of epilepsy, the crises of Asthme, the Diabète sweetened, the Hypoglycémie, the Allergie S, the cardiovascular collapse (or state of shock), the falls of blood-pressure (in particular Malaise vagal, for example following an emotion), the Stress … the signs and complaints only are not enough to determine the origin of faintness, as witnesses, rescuer or first-aid worker, one cannot know the cause - and one does not need any besides. The action to be taken is thus same whatever it Malayan: to question, observe, put at rest, to alert the medical emergency.
; Generally accepted ideas
In the case of faintness benign (feeling of weakness which passes quickly), a momentary hypoglycemia is often called upon, and one gives sugar in order to “requinquer” the person. In fact, at a person not diabetic, true hypoglycemia is very rare, and sugar at least puts a score of minutes at being absorbed whereas the state of the person émaliore often much more quickly. It is in general about a faintness vagal.
See too
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Other meanings: Malayan
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