The faded or faded or pāḷi (पाऴि), is a Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family spoken formerly in India. It is still used like liturgical Langue in the Bouddhisme theravâda.

History

It is a Prâkrit near to the Sanskrit and probably going back to third century BC According to the tradition, it was used in the Magadha at the time of the Bouddha, of which it would have been the language. In fact, that which spoke the Buddha was probably another prâkrit, the ardhamāgadhī (“average māgadhī”).

One also makes derive the pāḷi from the paiśācī (“the language of the demons”), prâkrit of the Indian North-East still spoken with the Cachemire. It proves however that the pāḷi is rather far away from the ardhamāgadhī and that it is closer to the Western dialects. It is especially a literary language which borrowed from other languages and was constituted in a more or less artificial way during time, to leave, undoubtedly, of one or more vernacular languages.

One used the pāḷi , and one still uses it, as pertaining to worship language Buddhist, with the Śrī Laṅkā, the Myanmar, the Laos, in Thailand and with the Kampuchea. Its statute of liturgical language returned it, following the example Sanskrit, solidified and standardized. It is thus a Prâkrit average Indian who reached the row of literary and cultural language fortuitously before the others, without to give rise to an idiom néo-Indian.

Description

Writing

The pāḷi was mainly written in devanāgarī, lao and Singhalais and was used to note the texts of the Buddhist doctrines theravâda, inter alia the Tipiṭaka .

See detailed articles: devanāgarī . .

Phonology

The Phonologie of the pāḷi is rather close to that of the Sanskrit. The most notable differences are:

1. the Shortening of the long vowels in front of a double consonant, including /e/ and /o/ which do not have a short counterpart in sanskrit.
   Note: In Sanskrit, the /e/ vowels and /o/ being always long, one does not indicate their quantity (e.g. bodhi ); in pāḷi, on the contrary, it is of use to indicate their quantity when those are long ( bōdhi ).
2. * u' tta < S ''' ū ''' will tra (see also 3.)
3. * has tman < ā tman Sanskrit
4. * me ĕ tta < m ai' will tra (see also 3.)
5. Monophtongaison of the /ai/ diphthongs and /au/ with /e/ and /o/:
6. * Me e' tteya < Me ai' treya (see also 3)
7. many assimilation S in the groups of consonants
8. * su' tt' has < sū tr has (see also 1.)
9. * dha' me has < dha' rm' has
10. * bodhisa' tt' has < bodhisa' ttv' has
11. passage of/ś/with /s/
12. * S āvaka < ś rāvaka
13. Amuïssement of /s/ in supporting position and aspiration following consonant if possible
14. * HT eravāda < S thaviravāda (see also 6.)
15. * HT ūpa < S tūpa
16. * KH andha < S kandha
17. frequent Disappearance of /v/ in intervocalic position, replacement by /b/ in front of consonant:
18. * th' e' ravāda < sth' avi' ravāda (/e/ < /ai/ < /avi/, cf 2)
19. * nib' b' āna < nir' v' āṇa (see also 3.)
20. replacement of the/ṛ/vowel by another vowel
21. * you a' ṇhā < you ṛ ṣṇā
22. * S a' Ti < sm' ṛ Ti
23. development of the semivowels
24. * rear iy' has < ār' y' has (see also 1)
25. Palatalisation of the consonants dental consonants in front of /y/
26. * jh āna < dhy āna
27. * Sanskrit sa' cc' has < sa' ty' has
28. Rétroflexion consonants dental consonants
29. * viññā ṇ has < vijñā N has
30. closing obligatory of the Syllabe S finales by a vowel
31. * kam' my < kar man (see also 3.)

Example

See too

Internal bonds

• Buddhism

• writing
• Devanâgarî
• Transcription of the Indian languages
• Buddhism theravâda;
• Linguistic
• Dictionary of the languages
• Languages by family
• Indo-European Languages
• Indo-Iranian Languages
• Indo-Aryan Languages
• Languages by geographical area
• Languages of India
• Sanskrit
• Prâkrit

External bonds

• Lexicon Faded
• Collection of bonds on Faded,
• Glossary of words Faded.

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