Factor of localization

A factor of localization is a variable which usually acts on the decisions of localization of a type of activity urban. These decisions are primarily those of the users of space, most determining, but also those of other speakers (promoters, Financier S, public authorities, etc)

Just as it is necessary to distinguish between interurban and intra-urban localization, in the same way is necessary it to distinguish the decisions concerning these two types of localization and consequently the factors which govern them.

Interurban localization

The factors which influence the decisions of localization of the companies in general, when it act of the choice of a city, touch the attraction of this city for the businesses in question. These factors are necessarily different (or at the very least balanced differently) for the establishment from a Usine or for the establishment of an head office or a divisional office. The following factors are essential for the administrative Bureaux in general.

the accessibility of the city by plane, car, train.
Its national or international hierarchical statute and its position in national and international flows of information.
the quality and the diversity of the services to the companies (specialists in all kinds in the fields of finance, marketing, accountancy, the right, etc)
the quality of the job market.
the quality of the educational resources, particularly on the levels technique and academic.
the quality and variety of the cultural resources and entertainment.
the accessibility of the credit and the financial markets.
variety of the business services.

Intra-urban localization

It is initially necessary to distinguish the factors on the side of the supply of those on the side of. The factors on the side of the request most important and are studied, because it is the Utilisateur of space which dictates its choice of localization according to its requirements and its constraints. The factors on the side of the offer milked with space itself and the conditions of hiring, the building and its characteristics and constraints, with the vicinity with its amenities like with the neighbouring uses. These factors have limited an enough impact. They condition the adaptation of the localization rather than they do not define it.

If the independent factors of localization are of nature external , in particular those which are related to space (accessibility, basins of potential employees, etc), there are also internal factors with certain companies or with certain industries (type of industry, forms organization, geographical dispersion, place of residence of the leaders, requirements in parking, etc) The latter have little impact in the decisions of intra-urban localization. The external factors also are studied because the urban planners and the other actors are especially interested in the variables which can be influenced by their intervention.

For the decisions of localization of the Offices, the independent factors of localization can be distributed as follows:

factors related to the requirements of communication: the direct personal contacts which are the privileged channel of communication on the higher levels of the administrative offices, the potential of information or the possibility of storing between several information sources, and externalisation appropriatenesses of the informational input of the company (recourse to external resources).
factors related to the questions of personnel: the access to labor and capacity for the company to attract and retain a skilled labor for various levels of functions.
subjective factors: the prestige of an address or a building, proximity of the crested residential zones which are often the place of residence of the owners.
the access to the markets: this factor is more important in the industrial localization.

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