Fédor Romanov

Fédor Nikititch Romanov (1553 October 1st 1633) is a Russian boyard which, become patriarch of Moscow under the name of Philarète , controlled de facto Russia during the reign of his/her son Michel III, first tsar of the dynasty of the Romanov.

Origins

Fédor was born in Moscow and is the second wire of Nikita Romanov, an adviser very close to Ivan the Terrible. This one, in first weddings, married Anastasia Romanovna Zakharine, sister of Nikita and aunt of Fédor . During the reign of his cousin Fédor Ier (1584 - 1598), the young person Fédor Romanov is characterized by his talents from sodat and diplomat. It orders the Russian troops against Sweden in 1590, and leads the negotiations with the ambassadors Germanic Rodolphe II in 1593 and 1594.

Fédor and the Time of the disorders

When Fédor Ier dies without heir in 1598, Fédor Romanov is its more close relative, and its family is very popular in the Muscovites who seem to wish it like sovereign. The zemski sobor decides some differently and it is the brother-in-law of the tsar deceased, Boris Godounov, which is proclaimed tsar.

Fédor remains however a potential rival because several boyards disputes the authority of Boris secretly. This one decides to get rid of all the Romanov family. A comparse secretly deposits poisonous roots in the cellars of their palate, a searching is ordered, the found roots. Romanov are shown to want to poison the tsar. The brother of Fédor , Alexandre, is stopped then strangled in his dungeon. One obliges Fédor and his wife, Maria Ivanovna, to enter in religion. Maria takes the name of Marfa and is taken along to the Monastère Ipatiev, with Kostroma, with her Michel son. Fédor , become now Philarète , is relegated to the Saint-Anthony monastery, in the north of Russia, and is subjected to a constant monitoring.

In 1605, the forgery Dimitri (Dimitri II) shift Godounov and becomes tsar. It releases Philarète and métropolite Rostov names it. In 1609, this one is joined the second Dimitri forgery which raises it at the station of patriarch of all Russies. It is sent on mission in Poland but the Polish king, Sigismond III, retains it captive of 1610 with 1618 because it refused to him his recognition like tsar of Russia.

The dyarchie

In 1613, during this imprisonment, Michel Romanov, wire of Fédor became tsar under the name of Michel III. Sigismond refuses this irrefutable fact and continues the war which lasts until 1618, when is signed the peace of Déoulino . Michel gives up Smolensk and Ladislas, the new Polish king, agree to release his/her father.

As from this moment and until its death, in 1633, Philarète control surface Russia in the place of his/her son. Theoretically, there are two sovereigns, the Michel tsar and his father, but actually it is the father who deals with the businesses of State without very consulting his son.

In policy interns, its more important measurement is the sequence of the peasant to his ground in order to prevent the emigration of the serfs towards the steppes where it is easier for them not to more pay a tax. It makes move back the Russian border towards the east. The banks of the Léna are reached with the beginning of the year 1630, Iakoutsk is founded in 1632. In 1621, Philarète grants a first bishop to the Siberia, Cyprien.

In foreign policy, Philarète joins again bonds with the Ottoman Empire. A new war against Poland in 1631 - 1632 is undertaken with an aim of taking again Smolensk but it is a failure.

Another objective of Philarète is the reorganization of the Muscovite army It innovates by asking for the assistance of foreign officers. Pierre Large the will do nothing but take up its idea at the end of the century when its own reform undertakes to him-also.

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