Fécamp

Fécamp is a Commune Frenchwoman of High-Normandy, old port cod-fishing boat, in the department of the Seine-Maritime and the area High-Normandy, on the littoral of the Pays of Caux, to approximately 40 km in the north of the Havre.

Geography

Fécamp is in the Valleuse of the Valmont, in the middle of the Pays of Caux, on the Alabaster coast.

History

The city has the label “Villes and Pays of Art and History”.

Prehistory

The Oppidum of Canada, on the heights of Fécamp, reveals a human occupation which goes up at least with the Neolithic . Extending on 21 ha (MH), surrounded by 1941 m of ramparts and ditches as well as a Praetorian door; the objects collected could be dated from the Neolithic era at the time augustéenne.

Gaulle independent and Roman

Several objects of the Gallo-Roman time were found, in particular of the Monnaie S, in particular two Gallic currencies out of gold were found in 1839 as well as a bronze hatchet in 1859 of the Celtic time. Fécamp was on the ancient road connecting Arch-the-Battles and Lillebonne in the north of Gaulle. The excavations of the area of the ducal palate in 1973-1984 revealed vestiges of Tène III and Gallo-Roman time. One notes also two Gallo-Roman cemeteries.

During the Roman epoch, a way connecting Fécamp to Étretat passed to the current locality Pitron Fund. Current D 940 took again the layout of this Roman way.

The Middle Ages

  • According to the legend, the trunk of fig tree carrying the blood of Christ collected by Joseph d' Arimathie would have been failed the 1st century in the valley of Fécamp: the fountain of Invaluable Blood would have spouted out at once and the relic would have attracted many pilgrims quickly and inspires the blazon of the city. A traditional etymology bound the name of the city to this legend: Fici-Campus , the camp of the fig tree.

But it is mentioned in 875 pennies the name Fiscannum what attaches it to the Indo-European root tax department : fish.

  • At the 6th century, Saint Leger is off-set in Fécamp.

Around the ducal palate, testimonys Carolingien S were found (currencies and foundations of two vaults). The abbey is founded in 658 per saint Vaning, count mérovingien, for women. Moreover one monastery of women was founded into 660 per Waneng saint around the Invaluable Relic but was destroyed by the Norman ones into 842, it was rebuilt at the 10th century, becoming an abbey bénédictine for men. In 932 Guillaume Long-Sword founded a strong castle which was the residence of the dukes of Normandy until 1204, or starting from this date the Norman duchy is integrated into the French royal field.

  • Birthplace of the dukes of Normandy Richard Ier and Richard II (which died there on August 22nd, 1027).

Richard I {{er}}, duke of Normandy was born in 933. After the destruction of the Viking S in 851, Richard Ier makes rebuild a church. But it is Richard II which made come Guillaume de Volpiano to revive the life of the abbey, according to the rule bénédictine. The abbey church of the Trinity is built between 1175 and 1220 with the fair stone of Caen. Under Plantagenêt, the Scriptorium of Fécamp produced of many Handwritten S enluminés.

  • In 1202, Jean without Ground grants a communal mode to Fécamp.

1410: Set fire to city by the English. In 1449, Fécamp is released from the English occupation. For Fécamp, the wars of religion finish in July 1593, when the captain of Wood-Rosy rejoins the city with Henri IV after his conversion with Catholicism. But it is in Fécamp that unloaded Charles II of England, in November 1651, détrôné by Cromwell, when it sought asylum in France.

Times modern and contemporary

The history of Fécamp rests mainly on that of fishing and its port founded at the 11th century. At the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Fécamp has an important activity of cod-related fishing : the Newfoundland fishing boat. First port French cod-fishing boat, this activity was practiced second half of the 19th century until in the years 1970, time to which Canada prohibits the access to the fishing zones. Practiced initially by the sailing ships, Trois-mâts, the voyages could last more than six months, time that the holds fill of cods, which were salted to preserve them. Fishing was carried out starting from the three-masted ships in dory, small boats which took along two or three sinners. Good numbers of these dory it are lost in the fog and never returned to the three-masted ships. Then the techniques evolved/moved and the three masts disappeared, leaving the place to the steamers, then with the diesel engines. Nowadays, it resides only one weak halieutic activity, which is summarized with an inshore fishing. The pleasure took the step on fishing.

The receipt of the liquor Bénédictine is taken again by Alexandre Legrand, who founds at the 19th century Bénédictine.

The writer Jean Lorrain was born on August 9th, 1855 there, just as Jean Accart, ace of the Second world war, on April 7th, 1912.

Guy of Maupassant lived there.

Administration

Demography

(1) Source INSEE June 2007

Economy

Pole of regional activities

Maritime activities

The reputation of salted herrings of Fécamp is established as of the 10th century, that of red herrings as from the 13th century. An association of the whalers was created at the 11th century, fishing with cod developed as from the 16th century under the impulse of the large ship-owner Nicolas Selles.

Industrial activities

Education

See also: Education in Fécamp

Fécamp comprises four Lycée S:

  • the college Anita-Conti;
  • the college Providence, private college located of center town;
  • the vocational school Descartes, located in the school complex located Saint-Jacob plate;
  • the college Guy-of-Maupassant, located in the school complex Saint-Jacob plate.

The colleges Descartes and Guy-of-Maupassant are joined together on the same site allowing a certain co-education of the origins, social environments and studies.

Inheritance

Civil architecture

  • Vestiges 12th at 14th century of the old ducal palate wedged in the enclosure of abbey (MH): two turns and a side of wall
  • Remainders of the fort of Borough-Baudouin (SC) to the accesses of Our-Lady-of-Safety
  • Bénédictine Palate, buildings of the old Benedictine abbey: old mill 18th century; town hall in a building Louis XVI; old hotel trade of the Hart 16th century; court of the control with turn 11th/12th centuries
  • Old houses in the district of Hallettes including two houses 16th century (IMH), street Arquaise n° 21 and 73, Morillon house, n° 6 rue de la Voûte (realized with re-employment of jubé of the abbey)
  • Firm Tower water 13th century
  • of Epinay 16th century, old country house of the monks
  • Fishing port, trade and pleasure

Structure crowned

  • Church of the Trinity, old abbey (MH), primitive Norman Gothic style, built of 1175 to 1220 with some Romance vestiges 11th century: turn-lantern 12th century, frontage 18th century, Gothic porch 13th century, circumference of the altered chorus 14th/15th centuries, vault of the Virgin 16th century with stained glasses 13th century; organ case 1746 coming from the abbey of Montivilliers, groups polychrome stone 15th century “Dormition of the Virgin”, balustrades 16th century, stalls and high altar 18th century, Renaissance furnace bridge with retable Italian 1507, baldachin 18th century, tombs 13th/14th centuries of the dukes of Normandy, clock 1667
  • Abbaye of Trinity (IMH): vestiges of the strengthened enclosure, old conventual buildings, cloister, old mill, tower of the Control
  • Saint-Etienne Church 16th century: gate 1500 blazing Gothic and southern arm of transept (MH), frontage and turn 19th century; wood statues and pulpit 17th/18th centuries
  • Vault Our-Lady-of-Safety 14th century (IMH), on a cliff: retable 17th century, marine Ex-votos (pilgrimage 25/3); rule gilded of the Virgin on the roof
  • Chapelle of Invaluable-Blood: stone retable of the 17th century enchasing the miraculous source known as of “Invaluable-blood”
  • Three religious communities
  • Protestant Temples

Museums

  • municipal Museum: earthenware, glassmaking, painting 18th and 19th centuries, archeology, religious art, marinades, folklore cauchois
  • Musée of the Bénédictine Palate: objets d'art religious 12th/18th centuries; part of these collections comes from the old abbey from Fécamp; ironwork of 14th with the 18th centuries, plants being used for manufacture of the bénédictine and room of the counterfeits of the bottle, room reserved for the old instruments of distillation and the posters. Work neo-gothic and néo-rebirth built by the industrialist having marketed the Bénédictine liquor; it is representative of the eclectic tendency in architecture.
  • Museum of Arts and Childhood: Gallo-Roman objects at the 19th century referring to childhood
  • Museum of the Newfoundland fishing boats and Fishing: Museum of the glorious maritime past of Fécamp, inaugurated in 1988. The great adventure of the cod-fishing boats which left during long months towards icy water Newfoundland (boats, models, tools), construction and naval repair, plane relief of the city, audio-visual and exposures of painting (annual show of the painting of Navy)
  • Museum-discovery of the chocolate
  • Visite of cressonnière
  • Maison of the inheritance: remain 16th century, known as “House with the flower of lily” then “Hotel of the hart”. It shelters since 2005 the municipal files
  • Villa Emilie, end 19th century, style Art nouveau

Sites

  • Panorama of Our-Lady-of-Safety: count of orientation
  • Pebble beach
  • Falaises

Celebrities

Twinnings

See too

Related articles

  • Common Countries of Caux
  • Normandy
  • of the Seine-Maritime

External bonds

  • Official site of the city

  • Fécamp on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Fécamp on the site of INSEE
  • Fécamp on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Fécamp on a chart of France and communes bordering
  • Plane on Fécamp on Mapquest
  • Gallery of images of Fécamp
  • Tourism in Fécamp
  • medieval Historical research on Fécamp
  • Site of the vault of the Invaluable-Blood of Fécamp
  • Site of the Radio Resonance 1 {{Re}} radio Independent of Normandy

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