Exposure

Climatology, ecology, agriculture

The exposure of an inclined ground strongly modifies the microclimate, and consequently the moisture and the risk of freezing, as well as the sunning, thus secondarily that the flora, the fonge and fauna, and the outputs agricultural or forestry. It is a factor which also interests the ecology of the landscape. In biological term of productivity, a slope exposed to the south or south-west can support an increased productivity, but can also be more vulnerable to the drynesses.

In the same way architecture can take account of this factor, considered as paramount for architecture known as “Bioclimatique” and/or HQE. It is an also essential element for the valorization of the solar energy (photovoltaic Panneaux in particular).

One can also speak, with a more negative connotation, of exposure to the bad weather, the UV or the air pollution which have climatic and environmental components.

Ethnology

The exposure is a form of human Sacrifice.

It consists in leaving new born to mercy natural forces: cold or sun, river, wild animals…

According to the cultures, it happens that the baby is recovered if he survives a certain time (one night, typically). The sacrifice evolves in this case to a Ordalie, survival being the sign of a purity, whereas death is the confirmation of a fault (generally of the mother).

It also happens that the baby is traditionally recovered (wrongfully in secrecy: everyone knows it, and made pretense be unaware of it) by a charitable individual of the community. In such a case, it also happens that the individual is recognized by his family of origin to his majority, which brings back to the preceding case (the time of survival required being then very long, 12 to 20 years)

The passage by such a risk is a sign of divinity. Many heroes come from an exposure, most famous being Moïse, Romulus and Rémus, Oedipus, Pâris. and even Jesus through the Myth of the massacre of the innocent .

Risk

Exposure (or risks): results from the combination of the Aléa affecting a zone given with the Vulnérabilité of this zone.

Note: the exposure is cartographiable, just like the risk or the vulnerability. One speaks sometimes, by abuse language, “exposure to the risk” to express the fact that a target is exposed to a potential danger.

Theater

Radioactivity

The exposure characterizes a beam of rays X or γ by the Ionization which it causes in the air throughout its trajectory.

Its units are the Röntgen (R) and the Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg). 1 C/kg is the exposure such as the load of the Ion S produced in a mass of air of 1 kilogram is equal to 1 Coulomb.

Photography

The exposure depends on the Luminance i.e. of the quantity of light received by the apparatus. This one can be given by a photographic exposure meter laid out on the camera or a cell with hand (also called luminancemeter). The recent aircraft 24x36 are equipped with a Mesure TTL ( through the lens ) which makes it possible to take account of the part of the light which is absorbed by the objective. The two modifiable parameters to adapt the exposure to brightness are the Diaphragm aperture and the Exposure time. When the exposure is unsuited one speaks about Sous-exposition (the image will be too dark) or of Sur-exposition (the image will be too clear).

Psychology

The behavioral psychotherapy uses a technique of named desensitizing exposure.

In the case of a Phobia, it gradually acts to expose the patient to the phobic object. For example, if he fears the spiders, he will have initially to imagine some, then to see one of them by far, until being able to cherish them in feeling Anxiété. There exist also Thérapie by virtual reality.

The exposure can thus be " réelle" , " virtuelle" or " in imagination". It can be doubled or not Relaxation.

The exposure is not used solely in the phobia, but also in anxious disorders, the obsessional turbid compulsifs, etc…

The immersion means exposed being, directly, without graduation, with the situation which one fears more. She wants to be a particularly effective method.

Art

A artistic Exposition (or exposure of art) indicates the presentation of artistic achievements to the public. This demonstration proceeds in a Musée, a Art gallery or in a space adapted to the topic of the exposure or especially arranged (factory, station, administrative school or, etc).

In general, an exposure lasts a limited time, but the majority of the museums propose permanent exposures to present the collections and the works which they have.

By extension, the term is used to indicate the set of themes presentation of various types of contents to the public, like in the case of a World Fair.