Expensive (river)

See also: Expensive

The Cher (in Occitan Tank ) is a river center of the France. It takes its source with Mérinchal, in the department of the Creuse, in the Massif Central, and is thrown in the the Loire close to Turns, in the department of Indre-et-Loire.

It owes its name with the pre-Celtic root Kʰar “stone”.

Departments and communes crossed

Departments and main cities crossed:

Hydrology

The flow of Expensive was observed during one 42 years period (1966-2007), with Tours, chief town of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The catchment area of the river is at this place of 13  920 km ², are close to the totality of this last.

The interannual medium flow or module of the river with Tours is of 95,9 m ³ a second.

Expensive presents seasonal fluctuations important and definitely higher than those of the Loire (upstream of Turns) which it thus does not contribute to regularize, with high waters of winter-spring carrying the average monthly flow on a level from 111 to 199 m ³ a second, from December to May included (with a maximum from January at March, especially in February), and low waters of summer, from July to September included, with an average monthly minimum of 27,3 m ³ a second in August.

In period of low water level, the VCN3 can fall until 4,3 m ³ (43 m ³ for the Loire), in the event of dry quinquennial period. Let us recall that the VCN3 is the past minimal quantity or minimal flow over three days consecutive.

The risings are important but less bulky than those of the Vienna which is incontestably the champion in this field for the basin of the Loire. The QIX 2 is worth 510 m ³ a second, the QIX 5 is worth 740 of them. The QIX 10 or calculated flow of decennial rising is of 880 m ³ a second, while the QIX 20 is worth 1  000 m ³ a second. As for the QIX 50, it is assembled to 1  200 (see note).

However the maximum instantaneous flow recorded for this 42 years period was of 1  000 m ³ a second on March 1st, 1988, while the value maximum day laborer was of 935 m ³ a second on January 12th, 1982. These risings are defined easily as vicennial (period of 20 years return) and are thus relatively usual for the river.

The Expensive one is a fairly abundant river. The Lame of water past in its catchment area is of 223 millimetres annually, which is definitely lower than the overall average of France all confused basins, like to that of the basin of the Loire (244 millimetres in the Montjean-on-Loire). The specific Débit (or Qsp) is of 7,0 liters a second and per square kilometer of basin.

Principal affluents and tributaries of a tributary

The principal affluents and tributaries of a tributary of Expensive are, from the upstream towards the downstream:

Modification of its course with Tours

The Cher was channeled with the right of Tours during the Années 1960, within the framework of an urban great project aiming on the one hand at making constructible its banks and on the other hand to protect the town of floods which had devastated it in the past as in 1856. This work, launched with the active support of Jean Royer, then mayor of the city, was a time the largest urban building site of Europe: the course of the river was diverted, sometimes at a distance from 500  meters of the initial course, on nearly five kilometers. In same time, a ZUP, the district of Banks of the Expensive , was built on northern bank of new the Cher . An artificial island also was creates between two arms of the river to accommodate sports equipment. With Saint-Avertin, the bed of old the Cher was girdled and transformed into water level, new the Cher passer by 400  meters more in north. Two artificial lakes of big size in same time were dug, while small stoppings were built upstream. Several works of art last being increased, in particular on the railway line of Paris to Bordeaux. A railway bridge, the bridge of the Vendée, had to be destroyed and not replaced, fault of being lengthened. Work of the highway A10 proceeded in same time, the works of the highway being gauged to pass to the top of the new river. The preliminary draft of 1965 envisaged a correction of the Cher on eight kilometers, until the Rich person, with the creation of one second large island. It was however abandoned.

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