Exodus of Mariel

The exodus of Mariel takes place the April 20th 1980. The mode of Fidel Castro expels nearly 130.000 cuban, considered as counter-revolutionaries. They embark with the port of Mariel in direction of the coasts of Florida.

Continuations and consequences

Other exoduses follow, including that of the 30.000 balseros ( Boat people cuban) in August 1994. There is currently 2 million exiled cuban - of which the half with the the United States of America - for 11 million inhabitants on the island.

It is during the exodus of Mariel that the cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas been able quiter the island, after years of persecutions Homophobe S and Politique S. It tells this episode in his famous autobiographical novel Before the night .

Economic interpretation

The Exodus of Mariel constitutes a natural Expérience making it possible to measure the capacity for absorption of an economy (here, the town of Miami) to a external Choc (sudden and unforeseen increase in the population). The American economist David Card, specialist in the economy of work, published in 1990 a notorious study on the subject. Card compares with it the evolution of unemployment rate and the wages with having Miami with four other cities of the close, but nonaffected characteristics by the exodus. If, between April and July 1980, the Unemployment rate increases abruptly, passing from 5% to 7,1%, the study relating to the period 1979-1981 arrives to an opposite conclusion: in Miami, it decreases by 1,2 points (from 5,1 to 3,9%), while in the city-witnesses it decreases only by 0,1 point (from 4,4 to 4,3%). For the black population (the least qualified and a priori most vulnerable to this new competition), the increase in unemployment rate is weaker in Miami than in the city-witnesses. The results are similar for the wages.

Thus, the study shows that the wave of cuban immigration did not have any medium-term impact on unemployment rate or the wages. The capacity of the town of Miami to absorb the new workers resulting from this exodus is an argument often called upon to invalidate the theses on the division of work supposing that an economy has a fixed number of employment which it is advisable to distribute within a population (Mythe of a fixed quantity of work).

Internal bond

Scarface , American Film realized by Brian de Palma and left in 1983 with Al Pacino and Michelle Pfeiffer. It is a Remake Scarface of Howard Hawks carried out in 1932.

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