Exilarque
The “ chief of the exile ” (araméen רישגלותא Resh Galouta ; Hebrew ראשהגולה Rosh HaGola ; Greek: exilarque Æchmalotarcha) or , was the official representative of powerful the Judaïsme of Babylonia near the local authorities. The function seems to appear at the end of the 2nd century, under the empire Parthian, then will perdurera under the Sassanides and the Arab Empire. “If one does not know anything precis about the origins of this institution it is certain but the Jews of Babylon at the time of the Talmud one seen in exilarque kid of the Lignée of David”.
The exilarque one of the time of the Arab Empire was an important character of the court, interfaces between this one and the Jewish population, and for this reason targets criticisms of the reformers Karaïtes.
In the beginning, the exilarque one appointed both Gueonim , chiefs of both large Yeshivot (talmudic academies) of Babylonia, “but with the time, these dignitaries, sometimes supported by the bankers of the court, go up in power. Admittedly, the function of rosh ha-gola perdure, but the essence of its secular functions passes to the 10th century to the ghe' onim ”.
Enough largely emptied of its capacities, the exilarcat disappear at the 14th century, after 12 centuries of existence.
See too
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