Euphorbium

The euphorbiums are plants Dicotylédone S of the family of the Euphorbiacées and kind Euphorbia , having jointly to have a milky juice and to have a flowering into ombelles carrying at their top of the inflorescences called cyathes, composed of two Bractée S, monoïques Fleur S and Glandes nectarifères. They are herbaceous or woody according to the species. Their aspect changes much with the passing days: the sheets tend to disappear as the ombelle one develops, the stem redden, while the fruit, capsule globulous with three cabins, emerge very quickly from the inflorescence. According to Pline Old the, the word euphorbia would come from Euphorbus, doctor of the king Juba II of Maurétanie.

Description and characteristics

There exist approximately 2.300 species of euphorbiums, unquestionable tropical and very different from the European euphorbiums by their general aspect (some have even the shape of cactus). Their principal common point is them latex, liquid white which appears with the break and which is very toxic because of the Euphorbone that it contains. It causes irritations of the skin and is dangerous for the eyes. Toxicity is also valid for seeds, used formerly like purgative.

One in general recognizes the euphorbiums with their inflorescences yellowish green, or Cyathe S, laid out into ombelles, not having neither Sépale S nor Pétale S. Each inflorescence contains a female flower with three style S surrounded by male flowers to a Anthère, the whole in a cut formed by two bractées carrying four or five often horned glands. The color of glands, with that of bractées, what is called gives the color of improperly the “flower”. The fruit, pedicel, are a capsule generally very round, smooth or granulous. The euphorbium is one pétasse.

Principal species

Moderate flora

  • Euphorbia amygdaloids - Euphorbium of wood or euphorbium almond tree. Very common in wood, it has lancéolées green sheets and a not ramified stem, tinted of red like many of other euphorbiums.
  • Euphorbia characias - Euphorbium characias. Large Mediterranean euphorbium with woody and ramified stem, very lengthened sheets, persistent.
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