Eubée

The Eubée (in Greek old Εὔϐοια Eúboia , in Greek modern Εύβοια Évvia ) is largest of the islands of the Aegean Sea, located opposite the Attique and the Béotie, from which it is separated by the strait from the Euripe. It is long of 180 km for: 4167 km ², and count: 209100 inhabitants (2001). With the island of Skyros, it forms the names of Eubée.

History

At Homère, the inhabitants of Eubée are called Abantes ( Ἄϐαντες ). They are described like “breathing the fury”, “impetuous, with long hair on the nape of the neck, warriors burning” ( Iliade , II, 536-545). They are carried out, at the time of the Trojan War, by Éléphénor, which brings 40 naves to the Greek coalition.

In the Antiquité its history merges with those of its principal cities Chalcis and Érétrie. It enters the orbit of Athens starting from Ve front century J. - C.

In Salammbô , Flaubert mentions the euboïques three thousand two hundred talents required by Lutatius of Carthage at the time of the Punic Wars.

With the the Middle Ages, the island of Eubée is under Byzantine domination.

In 1204, following the IV {{E}} crusade, the island is allotted to Venice by the winners (under the terms of the Partitio imperii Romaniae ). However in spring 1205, it is Boniface de Montferrat, very new king de Thessalonique, which occupies the island, called by Latin Négrepont .

The island is given in stronghold to Jacques d' Avesnes, a Flemish knight of the entourage of the king, but this last tomb quickly in front of the walls of Corinth. In August 1205, Boniface Ier pledged again the island, this time at 3 knights originating in Vérone:

Pecoraro de' Pecorari de Mercanuovo: septentrional third, chief town Oraioi.
Giberto da Verona (+1208): central third, chief town Négrepont.
Ravano paves Carceri (+1216): southernmost third, chief town Carystos.

They and their successors are called the " lords of a third of Négrepont" or Lords tierciers ( terzerii in Italian). The city of Négrepont known as the città de' Lombardi (current Chalcis), chief town of the central third, becomes common and undivided property lords.

The first decades of domination of the lords lombards are marked by the hesitation of the tierciers between the homage to Venice (in which it island had been allotted in 1204) and the homage to the Latin emperor of Constantinople heir to the rights of conquest of Boniface de Montferrat. Thus Ravano paves Carceri which became lord of the whole island in 1208, lends homage at the same time to the doge Pietro Ziani in March 1209 and to the emperor Henri de Hainaut in May 1209. However the successors of Ravano (with his death in 1216,6 Co-lords tierciers share the capacity) return in the exclusive suzerainty of the emperor, until Baudouin II yields suzerainty on all the Aegean Islands to Geoffroi II of Villehardouin, prince d' Achaïe in 1244.

The business rebounds in 1255. The payment of the complex succession of the tiercière Carintana paves Carceri (lady of the totality of the northern third), causes a serious conflict between the prince d' Achaïe, Guillaume II of Villehardouin, suzerain de Négrepont and part of the tierciers. June 14th, 1256, Guglielmo da Verona and Narzotto paves Carceri, unhappy applicants with the heritage of Carintana, repudiate the homage which they had lent to prince Guillaume and lend homage-liege to the doge Venice, causing the military intervention of the prince.

This " war of succession of Négrepont" finishes in 1259 with the battle of the collar of the mount Karydi (Mégaride), where the prince beats the duke of Athens, Guy of the Rock, combined rebellious lords. In August 1259, the doge Reniero Zeno negotiates peace with prince Guillaume and by the treaty of May 15th, 1262, the exclusive suzerainty of the prince recognizes on the island which will not be called any more into question.

In 1279, the lords lombards of the island must face an attempt at Byzantine reconquest, under the control of an Italian adventurer originating in Vicence, certain Licario which succeeds in seizing Carystos. It should be waited until 1296 so that Bonifazio da Verona drives out the Byzantines of the island definitively.

If Venice had given up its suzerainty in XIIIe century, the island had remained an important base for its trade at sea Egée and it was represented there by a " Bayle" resident with Négrepont. At the end of XIVe century, the purchase of the seigniory of Carystos (1365) then successive deaths without heir to Niccolo III paves Carceri, duke of Naxos and lord of the northern and southern thirds (1383), then of Giorgi III Ghisi, lord of the central third (1390), make it possible Venice to establish its political domination on the totality of the island. However, Venice preserves the institution of the tierciers and is satisfied to impose a protectorate by installing new lords.

July 12th, 1470 the sultan Mehmed II seizes the city of Négrepont, of which he massacres half of the population, and drives out the last three tierciers: Januli III of Aulnay, lord of North, Nicolo Sommaripa (+1505), lord of the Center and Antonio Giorgio, marquis de Bodonitza (+1498), lord of the South.

Transport

Road 44, Cen., S, SE
Road 77, NO, NR, O, Cen.
Road 1, accessible in continental Greece.

Communications

Television

Space - Chalcis

Places

Provinces

Province of Chalcis - Chalcis
Province of Histiée - Histiée Istiaia
Province of Karystia - Caryste

Municipalities

Communes

See also: Common of Eubée

External bonds

http://www.alovelyworld.com/webgrece/htmfr/eubee.htm
http://www.insecula.com/zone/Z0007045.html
http://www.amb-grece.fr/grece/vin_eubee.htm
http://www.euboea.de/ (OF)
http://www.culture.gr/maps/sterea/evvia/evvia.html
In Greek:

http://www.eviainfo.gr/
http://users.otenet.gr/~lougas
Mountains of Eubée
http://www.e-city.gr/evia/home/view/1000.php

Simple: Euboea

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