Etsaut

Etsaut is a common French, located in Béarn, in the department of the Yrénées-Atlantiques and the area Aquitaine.
Its inhabitants is called the Etsautois or Etsautais (two names are used in the administrative texts).

Geography

The commune is located in high the Vallée of Winder, to 70 km of Pau and to 10 km of the Tunnel of Somport, to 15 of the collar of Somport, and the Franco-Spanish Frontière. Etsaut extends on 3495 hectares, in Western central zone and peripheral of the National park of the Pyrenees, of the adret of the Solid mass of Sesques until proximity of the Lacs of Ayous. Its territory is limited to north by the chain of Soum d' Ypy (1 608 m) and of Escarpu or Peak of Sesques (2 606 m), with the east by the chain resulting from Escarpu, and according to Soum de Moundaut (2 526 m), Capéran de Sesque (2 410 m), the Peak Gaziés (2 456 m), Turon Garié (2 381 m), Soum d' Aas (2 406 m) and the Peak of Ayous (2 288 m), and with the south by Soum of Mourouette de Larry (2 208 m) and Soum de Lagaube (1 985 m) before skirting it limits of Bosc det Pacq (Wood of Pacq) to the Fort of Portalet, strengthened fortification which overhangs the gave Sescoué when it joined Gave d' Aspe by the throats of the Bridge of the Hell. Those are surmounted Way of the Mature one, whose beginning, dug with very the rock in overhang of high cliffs, made it possible the 18th century to convey the trunks of the mature standing timbers of France, in order to make the masts of the royal navy of them.

Located at the confluence of the gave of Winder and the gave Sadum, resulting from the solid mass from Sesques, the borough announced by a military building of the 14th century, the Tower of the Moors, and is crossed by old the Trunk road 134 and old the Ligne Pau-Canfranc.

The hikers cross there on the GR. 10 (path of great excursion, which skirts of is in west the chain of the Pyrenees), and the GR. 653 (Way of Arles of the way of Saint-Jacob, towards the collar of Somport, Jaca and Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle.

Hydrography

The commune is crossed by the following affluents of the Gave d' Aspe:

the brook of Bouscagne
the brook of Lucharry
the brook of Sadum
the brook Shakes it and its affluents:

the brook of Esterous
the brook of Pétraube
the brook For-Mourt
the brook of Yèse

Localities and hamlets

Borough
Seberry Districts, Lares
Wood of Pacq, wood of Busteigts
Bridge of Cebers (gave of Winder), throats of Hell (gave Shakes), bridge of the borough (gave Sadum)
Estives of Baigt de Sencours and the huts of Licoué, Yèse, Salistre, Caillou, Cape de Guerren

Communes bordering

This-Eygun in north
Borce in the west
Urdos in the south
Laruns in the east.

Toponymy

The toponym Etsaut appears in the forms Etsaut (1250, for of Winder), Atsaut (towards 1360, titles of Cam), Adsaut (1385, censier of Béarn), Atssaut (1397, notaries of Navarrenx), Feels Grat deu Saut (1620, insinuations of the diocese of Oloron).

The name of Etsaut comes from the Pyrenean Gascon eth jump (wood), him even resulting from bottom Latin saltus (deep wood and savage) preceded by the article eth characteristic of the inhabitant of Béarn of high the vallées.

History

At the end of Ve century and the beginning of the Life century, Etsaut is a stage relay of Gratus (Holy Grat, évèque of Oloron and Jaca) between the two cities inhabitant of Béarn and aragonaise.
With the 12th century, treaty of Vésiau.
Diplomatic relay with the Middle Ages (cf civil inheritance), and in particular in 1289, during the talks with Peyranère.
In 1385, Etsaut counted 43 fires and depended on the Bailliage of Winder. Although located close to Borce, the village was not burnt in 1569, at the time of the wars of religion.
Prison of State under Vichy, the Fort of Portalet accommodated some time Maurice Gamelin, Georges Mandel, Paul Reynaud and Leon Blum. Reverse of the History, it is Philippe Pétain which is locked up there in 1945, before his final departure for the island of Yeu.

Administration

Municipal council and town hall

Mayor: Marcel Minvielle
Assistant: Maïthé Faurie (1st assistant), Guy Daughter-in-law
City council men: Bernard Claverie, Jean Larrouy, Philippe Lompageu, Jean-Yves Olympie, Robert Perry, Pebble Saint-EP

Intercommunality

The common one belongs to five inter-commune structures:

the Community of communes of the Valley of Winder
trade union for the development of the television of the High Valley of Winder
mixed trade-union of Haut-Béarn
intercommunity association of material aid to schooling in Valley of Winder
departmental trade union of electrification.

Demography

Economy

The economy of the commune is primarily directed towards agriculture and the breeding (bovines, sheep and asses of the Pyrenees).

Culture and inheritance

Way of mature the

Civil and military inheritance

Houses of XVe, XVIe and XVIIe centuries.
strong House of XIVe century.
a house of the National park of the Pyrenees is present at the village with the site of the old station the SNCF, on the Ligne Pau-Canfranc, closed with the traffic since 1970.
the Fort of Portalet (known as extremely of Urdos), XVIe century, renovated at the XIXe century, partially also built on the commune of Borce (extremely, prison, granting, guardroom).
the tower of the Moors. Military building of the 14th century.
the house of the Bear known as house of Arudy thus named since the 12th century, when it belonged to the Lord of the high valley of Winder. It served as “relay” with Aliénor of Aquitaine, wife of Henri Plantagenêt (Henri II of England), who found his cousin there the king of Spain. One notices low-reliefs or appear in particular the cow and the leopard, symbols of Béarn and England, and the head of a bear in overhang of a wall of frontage.

Religious heritage

Church of the 17th century, devoted to Holy Grat, first bishop of Oloron.

Saint Grat was born at the 5th century with Lichos, in the low valley of the Saison. Its Christian name, Gratus, also means in “pleasant, charming” Latin and “grateful”. Its youth was marked by persecutions of the catholics by the king Visigoth Euric (466-485), of which the successor, Alaric II (485-507), was tolerant towards the catholics, allowing the creation of the diocese of Oloron. Gratus is the first bishop. It takes part in the behavior of the Concile of Agde into 506, which brings together 34 catholic bishops of the kingdom wisogothic, with in the chair Césaire saint, bishop of Arles. In 507, the Visigoths are beaten by Clovis with Poitiers. But with died of Clovis into 511, the Visigoths are still very present at the south of the Garonne (Aquitanian). It is for this period that holy Grat would have died in Jaca, from where its body would have been brought to Oloron to rest there definitively.

Environmental inheritance

Collars of Coundre, Sesque, Seguit, Turon Garié, Aas de Bielle, Ayous, Hourquette de Larry, Bendous, Arras
Summits: soum of Ypy (1 743 m), Peak of Aygarri (2 099 m), Peak of Sesques (2 606 m), Soum de Moundaut (2 526 m), Capéran de Sesque (2 410 m), Peak Gaziés (2 456 m), Turon Garié (2 381 m), Soum d' Aas (2 406 m), Peak of Ayous (2 288 m), Soum of Hourquette de Larry (2 208 m), the soum of Lagaube (1 985 m).

Equipment

The commune has an elementary school.

Personalities related to the commune

The family of Marcel Amont is originating in this village.

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