Etrog

L'" Etrog " (Hebrew אתרוג) is one of the varieties of Cédrat, a Citrus of the family of the oranges and Citron S ( Citrus medica VAr. Etrog ). It constitutes one of the Four species used at the time of a particular ceremony of swinging during the Jewish holiday of Soukkot, the three others being the Loulav (Dattier connects), the Hadass (connects Myrte), and the aravah (Saule connects). (See the Four species for a complete description and symbolism of this ceremony.)

The Lévitique 23:40 refers to the " etrog " like a pri etz hadar (פריעץהדר), litt. " fruit of beautiful the arbre" or " of beautiful a arbre" , unless Hadar does not indicate a particular species. Modern Hebrew translated by " cédrat" , on the basis of rabbinical definition of the etrog as being fruit referred by the Torah. The Arab name of the fruit, itranj اترنج cousin with Hebrew. The itranj is him also favorably mentioned in the Hadith.

The etrog is a fruit with slow growth. The tree pushes starting from old seedlings from 2 to 4 years, and gives its fruits around 3 years. Those are oblong, and can reach 15 cm length. The peel is thick, rénitente, odoriferous and glaze of protuberances; pulp is white and subacide. When one buys it before Soukkot, it is typically green, and transfers with the major yellow during the week of the festival. According to the Halakha, the etrog used for the Mitzvah of the Four species must be without defect, of form and perfect state. A etrog which still has a pitom with its end (the pitom is a small outgrowth generally falling during the process of growth) is regarded as particularly invaluable. Exact details as for the " meilleur" etrog possible is consigned in the great works of Halakha. Because of scarcity of the etroguim " parfaits" , their price can go up up to 1000 €. Many stories bring back the history of humble people in the Shtetl S of Europe of the East spending of the princely sums to have the privilege to have a etrog Casher for Soukkot. It is also one within the competences of Israeli film Ushpizzin.
La form of the fruit, also called Guidoul , is particularly important, as well as the cleanliness of the upper part of the fruit. Different authorities from the Jewish law disputes as for the exact definition of " the upper part of the etrog". It is generally admitted that it is about the higher third of the fruit.

The Mitzvah first of the use of a etrog is the swinging of the Four species right before the ceremony of the Hallel. After the festival, some boiled the peel of the fruit to make of them Confiture, candied fruits or cakes with the fruits.

The modern naturalists consider that the etrog would come from the north of the India, and would have arrived in the countries of the Mediterranean basin life the Mèdes or the Perses; from where the name of the tree, " Citrus medic has, " and of the fruit, " Malum medic has, " or " Malum persic a".

It would be possible that the Juif S took the tree with them Babylon in Eretz Israel, at the time of the return of the Exil in Babylon. However, this theory was rejected by other specialists (Isaac, Science 129:179 - 85, 1959). Andrews (Agr. Hist. 35 (1): 35-46, 1961) for its part associated the biblical word hadar with the Assyrian " adaru" (lemon), which would state firmly that the etrog was in Jewish hands at biblical times.

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Etrog was also a Surnom for the Canadian Film Awards in the years 1970 ' S.

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