A ethnos group is a human group having of the biological and morphological characteristics normally related to common ancestors. An ethnos group normally also has a common sociocultural heritage, like a Langue, a Religion or Tradition S.

The word is derived from the Greek εθνος which means “any class of to be S of origin or common condition”. It was formerly employed to indicate a primitive Peuple; this meaning fell in disuse. According to the dictionary the Petit Robert : “the French ethnos group includes in particular Walloon Belgium, the French-speaking Switzerland, Canada French”.

The definition even of ethnos group is thus in it even vague and depends entirely on the importance attached to such or such criterion by the Ethnologue S concerned.

History

The concept of ethnos group is very difficult to define precisely for the Anthropologie. It was a long time during sociological of the concept of Race, and poses the same problem, namely that their nonambiguous classification by discriminating criteria, making it possible to classify the whole of the Population in a certain number of groups given, has an arbitrary side .

One can more precisely define the ethnicity , which is according to max Weber, the feeling to share a common ascent, which it is because of the Langue, of the habits, physical resemblances or the Histoire lived (objective or mythological). This concept is very important on the social plan and Politique because it is the base of the concept of identity. This one can involve extreme engagements such as for example that - mainly in Spain - ETA for the political Reconnaissance of Basque people .

Associated vocabulary

Certain words or neologisms are directly inherited or inspired by the significance that revêt “ethnos group” in the vocabulary of the Social sciences. Consequently, their exact direction can be difficult to encircle and can vary from one author to another. Here are some frequently met in Social sciences:

  • ethnogenèse : together facts and ideas which contribute to the training of people, as a set of individuals sharing the feeling of a common identity.
  • ethnohistoire : (in the singular and with an epithet) history of an ethnos group, as an identity: what what makes the character of people. In the long life: History of the formation of the people, the identities. Can also mean the use of concepts and techniques resulting from the Ethnologie in Histoire.
  • the ethnic adjective is sometimes employed in the direction of “relative to people or exotic cultures”, he is regarded as a carrying word in marketing (ethnic Marketing). The campaigns thus refer there readily in a direct or indirect way (Benetton).
  • Ethnicity : the term would apply rather within urbanized companies .

Other associated words:

  • ethnos : didactic synonym of ethnos group.
  • ethnisme :
together of bonds which gather groups of individuals having a common sociocultural inheritance, particularly the language.
  • qualifies categorization, on the basis of social characteristic and with the pretext of differences in racial and/or geographical origins. This term was used in this meaning in connection with the Ivory Coast, the ethnism of " the ivoirité" , and in connection with Rwanda and of Burundi (cf the challenge of the ethnism of the historian Jean-Pierre Chrétien, which gathers conferences that it made as from 1990).

    The term ethnos group is sometimes regarded as close relation even synonymous with tribe like Nation.

    Categorization of a population according to the ethnic membership

    Certain countries count to them Population according to ethnic criteria, for the determination of a tax mode or the application of measures of Affirmative action , C. - AD. “positive discrimination” or following the colonial Administration which they underwent; for example:

    Others do it at ends of discrimination (negative), like:

    The Rwanda also practiced a categorization of its Population, which was formalized and solidified by the colonial Administration Belgian, and maintained until the genocide of 1994. The news Constitution in 2003 gives up any reference to the ethnos groups Hutu, Tutsi and Twa, represses any discrimination based on the ethnos group (Article 11) and prohibited with the formations Politique S to claim itself of an ethnos group or a particular clan (Article 54).

    Ethnic categorization is not necessarily a political action at discriminative end. In Indonesia, the majority of people continue to be defined initially by their ethnic membership or suku (Balinese, Javanese, Minangkabau), which corresponds to an identity and a regional Langue ( bahasa daerah ) whose existence is officially recognized.

    See too

    Bonds

    Article on the ethnic and cultural identity

    Simple: Ethnic group

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