The ethnopsychiatrie is a field of research dividing objects and methods as well with the Clinic psychology as with anthropology. The ethnopsychiatrie was interested in the psychological disorders in connection with their cultural context on the one hand, with the cultural systems of interpretation and treatment of the evil, misfortune and the disease on the other hand. This discipline knew an extension in the twenty last years, generating original devices of assumption of responsibility of the psychological sufferings of the migrant populations.

Georges Devereux is regarded as the founding father of the discipline. He called ethnopsychiatrie the field of research and Ethnopsychanalyse related methodology. He always affirmed that the culture prescribed with its members " the good way of being fous". It is as if the company stated: you should not be insane, but if however become it to you, here good manners to be it.

Georges Devereux

Georges Devereux always affirmed that it was not him, but Louis Mars, an Haitian psychiatrist who S interested so much in the Voodoo than with the decolonization, which created the word “ethnopsychiatrie”. Louis Mars became diplomat, a long time of ambassador of Haiti, but, when he was psychiatrist, he recommended to make of “the ethnopsychiatrie” rather than of psychiatry.

Marked by the decolonization, “the ethnopsychiatrie” like good of other disciplines with prefix “ethno” (ethnobotanic, ethnomathematic) admits as premises that people not having a written tradition have knowledge all the same. In spite of their popular character, these ethnosciences, constitute truths knowledge which, as such, relate to whole humanity. “Ethnopsychiatrie” implies consequently that what we name “psychiatry” has its equivalent in each human culture. Thus Devereux could write that there did not exist people without “ethnopsychiatrie” - i.e. of people which do not have a system of location and assumption of responsibility of a certain type of negativity. The ethnopsychiatrie postulates that these real ethnosciences, knowledge, effective techniques, deserve to be studied for them same and not like habits or traditions.

Among these many research fields, the ethnopsychiatrie studies all the systems nosologic, through the cultures, as well as the therapeutic ones which correspond to them. This systematic study, to the listening of the most singular systems, led certain researchers to get rid of the ethnocentric privilege usually granted to the Western psychiatry, then considered, in all logic, like a ethnopsychiatrie among others. Such a position nevertheless is rejected by those which continue to support the universality of psychiatry or the psychoanalysis. This position is not however so any more easy to hold, in one era of universalization, and its holding must from now on clarify their reasons.

The interest of the ethnopsychiatrie for the therapeutic systems of the other worlds led it to develop fine analyzes of types of popular intelligibility or causality such as: the infringement of a taboo, envoûtement, the action of the geniuses, spirits of died and many other entities.

One of the first experts to be itself leaning on this type of phenomena is the Hungarian anthropologist and psychoanalyst Géza Róheim.

In France, the history of the ethnopsychiatrie is indissociablement related to two names, that of the anthropologist and psychoanalyst Georges Devereux, precursor of the contemporary ethnopsychiatrie, and that of its disciple, Tobie Nathan, which entirely renewed the field (trans) disciplinary of the ethnopsychiatrie all while moving away from the psychoanalytical conceptualization.

It is especially like the inventor of an exceptional clinical device (Bobigny 1979), intended for the assumption of responsibility of the migrant patients, that Tobie Nathan is known. The consultation of ethnopsychiatrie , gathering a polyglot group of professionals around a family, was taken again in various forms by all the other attempts at ethnopsychiatric private clinic.

Today, in a globalized world, with the multiple and repeated migrations, the ethnopsychiatrie stresses the importance of other identities the such groups of users (Mediagora - groups of patients suffering from phobia -, Autisme France - parents of children reached of infantile autism -, AFTOC - Association of patients suffering from Disorders obsessifs and compulsifs - etc…) The therapeutists should collaborate more with these associations which could enable them to refine their methods and to evaluate them. A series of texts giving an account of this innovative step: Psychotherapy its user proof

Indicative bibliography

Works

• Géza Róheim animism, magic and the divine king , Paris, Payot, 2000.
• Georges Devereux Tests of ethnopsychiatrie general Paris, Gallimard, 1971.
• Tobie Nathan the madness of the others . Paris, Dunod 1986
• Tobie Nathan * '' the influence which cures ''
• Tobie Nathan '' We let us not be only in the world ''
• Rébeca Grinberg, Leon Grinberg: Psychoanalysis of the migrant and of exiled , ED.: Cesura, 1987, ISBN 2905709022
• Philippe To square: the back of the decoration - Ethnopsychiatrie in Celtic Brittany and other grounds
• Nathalie Zajde: Children of survivors '', 1993, republication, Paris, ED. Odile Jacob, 2005 - 218 pages.
• Francoise Sironi: Torturers and victims. Psychology of torture. Paris, Odile Jacob, 1999.
• Marie Pink Moro: Children from here come besides (Hatchet, 2000)
• Catherine Grandsard: Jewish on a side. Portraits of mixed descendants of marriages between Jews and Christians. Paris, the Threshold hinderers to think in round, 2005.
• Dr. Alhssane Sherif: Importance of the Word at Manding of Guinea (Editions Harmattan 2005)

Reviews

• Ethnopsy/contemporary worlds of the cure
• the other, Private clinics, Cultures and Companies
• New Review of Ethnopsychiatrie
• Ethnopsychiatrica

See too

Jacques Brandibas

External bonds

• the site of the Center Georges Devereux. University center (Paris VIII) of private clinic, seeks and teaching in the field of the ethnopsychiatrie founded by Tobie Nathan.
• Site of the International association of EthnoPsychanalyse (Texts, research ensignements) directed by [[Marie Pink Moro]]
• Association [[Géza Róheim]]
• the site of association AMSK, association Cultural and Family Mediation/Psychological assistance with the migrant families. Animated by Dr. Alhssane Sherif Ethnopsychanalyste author of “the Importance of the Word at Manding of Guinea” (editions Harmattan 2005)

Internal bonds

• Ethnopsychanalyse