Ethnarque

The ethnarque term returns to the government by a Monarque on a homogeneous ethnicity or a heterogeneous kingdom. The word is resulting from the Greek words meaning " nation" and " chef" (" έθνος" and " άρχων").

Antiquity

The title, which does not seem a technical term, is used in the Roman Empire especially in the East to indicate controlling them of vassal kingdoms which did not have the title of kings. The Romans used the words natio and people for people starting from his genetic and cultural identity, whatever its political statute.

Most known is undoubtedly Archélaos, wire of Hérode Large the, which was ethnarque on the principal part of the kingdom of his/her father, the Samarie, the Judaea and the Idumée, of died of his/her father (-4) until in 6. His/her brother Philippe accepted the North-East of the kingdom and the title of " Tétrarque " ; the Galileo was entrusted to Hérode Antipas, also tétrarque. Archélaos seems superior with tétrarques thus and undoubtedly that means it that he was the chief of the Jewish nation; these three titles were then joined together in the person of Hérode Agrippa Ier 41 with 44.

Previously, Hyrcan II, one of the last Hasmonéens, had been also indicated title of ethnarque (-63 - -40), that it cumulated with that of high priest (-76 - -66, - 63--40).

Byzantine time

Ethnarque is then a military term to appoint the chief of a foreign troop to the service of the emperor; the use to recruit thus Mercenaire S by nationality was common thing in Antiquity and will remain it at the time feudal.

Othoman time

The term does not seem in force, but could correspond to the chief of minority: in the Ottoman Empire, the minorities were recognized legitimately like millet and thus had a representative recognized to be made hear government, but without this representative having any political power. When the sultan Mehmet II decided to give to this dialog a more formal aspect, the orthodoxe Christians chose to be represented by the patriarch of Constantinople, the Jews by the Hakham Bashi (chief rabbi).

Sources and references

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