Ethics (Spinoza)

First part

First part: Of God

I what is God (prop. 1 to 15)

1. Or the substance (S)? For the reason, not for imagination, only one substance per attribute, existing necessarily and infinite (prop. 1 to 10)

2. Properties of the absolutely infinite substance (existence, indivisibility, unicity) (prop. 11 to 15)

II What follows of God (prop. 16 to 36)

1. The nature naturante (how God acts: production infinite, effective, first, free, immanente, eternal of effects) (prop. 16 to 20).

2. Naturée nature (ways of being of God) (prop. 21 to 29)

A. infinite modes: the infinite one produces only the infinite one (prop. 21 to 23).

B. Finished modes: dependence with regard to God, of their gasoline and their existence but determination of the things finished by other finished things = modes of the absolutely infinite Substance (prop. 24 to 29).

3. Identity of nature naturante and naturée nature (prop. 30 to 36)

A. Spontanéité of the divine action: God does not reflect before acting (prop. 30 to 32).

B. Need for the divine action: God is not a free craftsman believing itself (prop. 33 to 36).

Appendix : critical of the illusion finalist and the beliefs which follow.

Second part

Second part - nature and origin of the heart

I the origin of the spirit (prop. 1 to 13)

1. The thought and the extent (prop. 1 and 2)

2. Infinite power to think of God and the infinite intellect which follows (prop. 3 and 4)

3. The order of the ideas and the order of the things (prop. 5 to 7).

4. Production of the ideas (prop. 8 and 9)

5. The spirit is the idea of the body (prop. 10 to 13)

the II nature of the human body (shortened of physics and physiology)

1. Bodies with the individuals

A. the simplest bodies and laws of the movement (Axioms 1 and 2, Lemmas 1 to 3, Axioms 1 ' and 2 ')

B. Made up bodies: the individual (Definition, axiom 3, Lemmas 4 to 7)

2. The human body (postulates 1 to 6)

III what can the human spirit and the laws of its operation (prop. 14 to 47)

1. Perception and imagination

A. Genèse and operation of the perception which produces imaginary representations: (prop. 14 to 23).

B. The spontaneous ideas of the things (mixture of perception and imagination) are all inadequate: confusion between my own body and other bodies, to accept possible (prop. 24 to 31).

2. Error with the truth

A. the error, falseness is only one deprivation of knowledge, logic of the error (prop. 32 to 36).

B. Common concepts: base of rational knowledge (prop. 37 to 39).

C. three kinds of knowledge: imagination, reason, the intuitive understanding (prop. 40 to 43).

D. adequate knowledge: when it forms adequate ideas, the spirit knows the things as god knows them, such as they are in oneself, eternally and necessarily (prop. 44 to 47).

IV Identity of intellect and the will (prop. 48 and 49)

Third part

Third part - origin and nature of passions

Preamble : to include/understand the feelings or affects by their causes.

I main causes of the affects (prop. 1 to 11)

1. Activity and passivity of the spirit and the body (prop. 1 to 3)

2. Effort to persevere in the being (prop. 4 to 8)

3. Primary education affects: desire, joy, sadness (prop. 9 to 11)

II emotional life (prop. 12 to 57)

1. Desire and imagination: love and hatred (prop. 12 and 13).

2. Composition of passions by report/ratio an object on which the desire is fixed accidentally: the fluctuation of the heart, the hope and fear, to preserve the being liked (prop. 14 to 20)

3. Formation and development of passions between the people (prop. 21 to 57).

A. the imitation of the desire of the others (desire of the desire: contagion, transfer, imaginary role of others, imitation, amplification of the affects) (prop. 21 to 30).

B. Ways of liking and of hating: to make like what one likes, the desire of reciprocity, the jealousy, frustration, the intensification of the affects, aggressiveness, instability of the emotional reports/ratios (prop. 31 to 49).

C. general Caractères of made up passions: uncertainties and variations of intensity, reasons of the variability of the affects (prop. 50 to 57).

III active affects (prop. 58 and 59) : nonpassion affects when the spirit forms adequate ideas of the objects of joy or sadness.

IV Assessment of passions by their definitions

Fourth part

Fourth part - slavery of the man or force of passions

Foreword : the good and the evil, the perfection and the imperfection are relative concepts.

I the human condition (prop. 1 to 37)

1. Constraint with regard to passions: limited power of the man, our impotence (relative) and our alienation with regard to the passive affects, false goods, true evils, the strongest affects (prop. 1 to 18).

2. The natural base of the virtue: the research of useful clean, for the selfishness included/understood well, most useful: to know adequately a maximum of things (prop. 19 to 28).

3. The useful characteristic for the useful commun run: the life in society, conflicts, means of living in safety knowing that one never leaves completely the state of nature (prop. 29 to 37).

II Of the constraint to freedom (prop. 38 to 73)

1. The good ones and bad passions: cheerfulness, melancholy, humility, pride… (prop. 38 to 58).

2. Intervention of the reason in the emotional life: consideration of the person in her globality (prop. 59 to 66).

3. Life of the free men: to be " positif" , not too much to mix with the ignoramuses but to act for the community property by knowing that without company, there is not real freedom (prop. 67 to 73).

Appendix : practical ways of happiness and freedom.

Fifth part

Fifth part - power of the understanding or freedom of the man

Foreword : the reason cannot, by means of the only will, to be enough to release we from passed bad.

I remedies for the passive affects (prop. 1 to 20)

1. To know the body and to look after the spirit by means of a manner controlled to imagine (prop. 1 to 10).

2. Nonsuperstitious love towards God, love for an imperishable being which cannot change of hatred (prop. 11 to 20).

II supreme bliss (prop. 21 to 42)

1. Intuitive science: to know and know from the point of view of eternity, to be free (prop. 21 to 31).

2. Intellectual love of God: to love God of the love of which he likes itself and to like like " il" we likes (prop. 32 to 37).

3. To become spirit under these conditions, release with regard to fear, role of the body, to be definitively active (prop. 38 to 40).

4. It is need to be " parfait" to start to be happy and virtuous? (prop. 41 and 42)?

Sources (of parts 1 to 5 of the page)

Spinozaetnous.org
Plane of Ethics on the wiki of Spinozaetnous.org

Random links:

Yves Tavernier | List tribes daces | Quintet for clarinet and cords of Brahms | The Cave of the torments | GIC