Estudios de la diÃ¡spora

16e century | 17th century | 18th siècle

Years 1580 | Years 1590 | Years 1600 | Years 1610 | Years 1620

1600 | 1601 | 1602 | 1603 | 1604 | 1605 | 1606 | 1607 | 1608 | 1609 ----

Events

Art & culture

16% of the population in France can read and write. A network of colleges of secondary education, opening on the superior, covers the France towards 1600 - 1610, at the end one century of efforts: 200 colleges of any edges with died of Henri IV, which will count until: 80,000 pupils under Louis XIII.
15% of the population in Scotland and 26% in England can read and write.
In France, beginning of the publication of Astrée , of Honore d' Urfé, in 1607, novel which will have a considerable influence on the gallant morals of the 17th century and on the Préciosité. The publication will be spread out until in 1619. The novel will be completed in 1627 by Balthazar Baro, after the death of the author.

Economy & company

About 1600, Amsterdam becomes the most dynamic city of the world, “the pole of the economy world” (Braudel) until worms 1780, substitute Genoa.

America

the Spain leases the trade of the slaves for America.
291 tons of money equivalent are sent of America towards the Spain.

Brazil

the Brazil, Portuguese colony, produced 1 200 000 arrobas of Sugar. He is larger producer in the world.
More than fifteen thousand black slaves (: 4000 per annum moreover on average until in 1650) and ten thousand white with the Brazil: the latter form the core of the cities (merchants, civils servant, Masters of mill with cane, farmers easy). All are Portuguese except some Italian Jesuits. The Jews are officially prohibited, but much are there like “new-Christians”. The white impose their civilization. It is created, around the senhor of engenho , a structure aristocratic, patriarchal, where the intermediary between the Black, the Indian and the White is the Mongrel or the Mulatto.

Ottoman Empire

With Algiers, more half of the population is consisted “Turks of profession”, renegade Christians practitioner piracy.

Towards 1600, of exiled the Séfarade S try the rural colonization of some villages of High Galileo, in Kfar Yasif, Pékiin and Shefaram. The Juifs pay their taxes with the sultan in cotton deliveries, the rural life is active and each village with its tisserands of silk trade. The Bedouin S protect them until the 18th century, but all périclite at the beginning of the 19th century.

At the beginning of the century, the Turkish army is strong of: 150,000 with: 200,000 men. It includes/understands three elements: the odjaks , militia balanced by the Treasury (Janissary S, spahis, artillerists, soldiers of the train, arms manufacturers, guards of the palatine gardens), troops irregular, less and less recruited and troops of province, provided by the feudatories (most). The strongholds ( timars and zaïms ) allotted to soldiers ( sipahi ) who must provide a quota gradually pass to the servants seraï, which withdraws them from the obligations service. The troops of province provide soldiers less and less. By 1560 with 1630, the odjaks increase by as much, especially the body of the janissaries, multiplied by four. The tax pressure increases and feeds from the provincial disorders. The janissaries form a State in the State and are recruited more and more among the Moslems.

Europe

the production of coal and cast iron develops in England. The number of blast furnaces passed from 3 to: 1000 during the century (Sussex, Weald, Forest of Dean).
With Florence, the number of wool parts manufactured passes from: 30000 in 1590 with 15 000 in 1600 and falls with: 5000 worms 1650.
the traffic of the Sund is of: 6000 passages per annum in the neighborhoods of 1600 (corn, wood, tar, furs and metals of Northern Europe and manufactured goods of Western Europe). 2/3 of the ships which cross the Sund Danish carry the house of the United Provinces.
Netherlands: Each year, a score of vessel goes in Africa, as much with the Brésil and 150 with the the Antilles.
the army and the Spanish fleet are the first of Europe with those of the Ottoman Empire, with: 150,000 men at the beginning of the century. The infantry, organized in tercios , is frightening.
the mine of Schwaz (the Tyrol) produced: 2000 kg of money, are the sixth of the production of 1500.
Emigration Lutheran of the current Austria towards the imperial cities of Ratisbon, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Ulm, the Wurtemberg, the Sweden or Baltic States, starting from 1600 (close to: 100,000 people).

France

the incomes Net of the State reach a maximum with 200 tons of equivalent-money (1600 - 1630), that is to say less than 26 million books. 20 million books of non-recurring expenses and war on average for 1600 - 1610).
Taken again economic activity, in particular on the axis the Rhone - the Saone and the Atlantic facade (1600 - 1620).

Demography

the population of the Ground rises to some 578 million human beings.
85 to 105 million inhabitants in Europe.

the France in account from 16 to 18 million (19 in the current borders). Paris exceeds: 200,000 hearts. Lyon in account: 50,000, Rouen and Toulouse come then. 14% of the population live in cities of more than: 2,000 inhabitants.
the Spain and the Portugal count 11 million inhabitants (8,5 in Spain). Seville (: 120,000) and Lisbon (: 110,000) exceed: 100,000 inhabitants. Madrid, Grenade and Valence counts: 50,000 inhabitants.
the Holy Empire account 15 million inhabitants. Czech countries 4 million. Hamburg, Augsburg, Nuremberg, Vienna and Prague reaches: 50,000 inhabitants.
the the United Kingdom account from 3,8 to 4,5 million inhabitants (level of 1340). 5% of the population reside in cities of more than: 5,000 inhabitants. The population of London passed from: 40,000 inhabitants in 1525 with: 250,000.
the Italy is populated from 12 to 13,2 million people. Naples account: 280,000 inhabitants. Venice: 148,000. Palermo, Rome, Milan and Metz-native, more: 100,000. Genoa, Bologna, Florence and Vérone, more: 50,000. Fifteen cities exceed: 20,000.
the United Provinces count 1,5 million inhabitants. The Spanish Netherlands 1,4. Antwerp account: 110,000 inhabitants, Ghent, Brussels, Bruges, Lille and Amsterdam of: 40,000 with: 50,000. Ten other cities exceed: 10,000.
the Scandinavia account to the maximum three million inhabitants.
the Hungary account less than 3 million inhabitants. The number of noble reaches 4 to 5% of the population in Hungary and Poland, 8% in Transylvania. The vast majority of these noble hardly lives under economic conditions with the top of those of a peasant, but their social status and policy are stable. The company solidifies in a “system of the States” dominated by the nobility whereas the remainder of the population is dedicated to the constraint.
the Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania count ten million inhabitants for: 890,000 km ². This population, from weak density (especially in the east and the south of Lithuania) is varied (Polish, Ukrainian, Belorusse, Lituaniens, Latvian, German, Juifs, Czech, Slovaques, Tatars, Italians). All the confessions are represented there. (catholics, orthodoxe, Moslem Lutherans, calvinists, Jews and even some villages).
the Moscovie account 2 to 3 million inhabitants. The Russia from 11 to 15 million. Moscow: 80,000.
the Ottoman Empire account 20 million inhabitants. Constantinople exceeds: 200,000 inhabitants.

Significant characters

Champlain starts to colonize Quebec
Malherbe becomes in 1605 the official poet of the court of France.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Invention of the Glasses of approach in Holland (1608),
Improvement of the Glasses of approach and use for astronomical uses by Galileo (1609)
Disappearance of the last Aepyornis , bird elephant about the Struthioniforme S
Beginning of the exploration of the Kamtchatka by the Russian

Birth

Michel de Marolles, man of letters and abbot of St Martin de Tours and Cormery

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Simple: 1600s

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