Estado Novo (Portugal)
The Estado Novo (the new State) is the political regime of the Portugal of 1933 with 1974. Political expression of the doctrines salazarist, it was a preserving authoritarian regime, being based on the traditional elites (Église, Armée,…) and whose organization presented certain analogies with the fascistic mode Italy N without to share the doctrines completely of it.
Just like the mode mussolinien, Estado Novo consisted of a system supporter of corporatism resting on a sole party and feeding a burning Nationalisme finding its expression in the intransigent defense of the colonial Empire Portuguese; the worship of the chief, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, “married with the Nation” was largely favoured; a frightening political police, PIDE, tracked the opponents with the mode; finally the salazarism just like its Italian counterpart declared at the same time anticommunist and anti-liberal.
Despite everything, differences in doctrines between the modes Italian and Portuguese existed: the revolutionary rupture preached by Fascism was replaced in Portugal by the will to preserve the historical structures, the territorial refusal of the expansionism (moderate however by the defense of the overseas territories), a pessimistic vision of the Man, typically preserving according to the vision of Edmund Burke, contrary to the will of Fascism to create a “New man” controlling the forces of the Nature.
Today, thirty years after the Revolution of the eyelets, the debate remains still open on this Dictature which controlled Portugal during more than forty years and in particular on the question of knowing if Estado Novo must be classified among the Autoritarisme S or if it met all the conditions to be allowed in the category of the Totalitarisme such as Hannah Arendt defined. The first vision seems much closer to reality.
Small characteristic: it was a song of Jose Afonso, Grandola Vila Morena , which started the Révolution of the eyelets by deciding the soldiers, tired by long a Colonial war in Africa, to leave their barracks.
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