Essentialism
The essentialism is a rather vague term which recovers the Doctrines which are pursued the study of the gasoline - with the result that a being is what it is - in opposition to the contingencies - what is accidental, whose absence does not call into question the nature of this being.
For the biologists, the essentialism is a design according to which the various animal species and vegetable differ between them by gasoline, which implies the recognition of discontinuities in nature. This design is opposed to the Nominalisme, according to which only the individuals and the populations of individuals exist, considering that the categories are only abstractions built by the man within a vast continuum of forms in nature.
In opposition to the Existentialisme, the philosophical essentialism aims at granting the primacy to the gasoline on the Existence, which causes to deny the freedom of the individual, then reduced to the product of determinisms which define it and it cannot be extracted.
The essentialism tends to reactualize a debate opposing nature and the culture. It is used as a basis ideological for the Ségrégationnisme, which, while being based on alleged differences of " nature" between the men, the company divides into distinct entities, often hierarchical between them, and allots a specific characteristics, aptitudes, social role or a statute to them. According to the criteria selected to establish these Discrimination S, one will speak then about Sexisme, Racisme, Homophobie…
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